Role of AGC kinases in plant growth and stress responses.

AGC kinases are important regulators of cell growth, metabolism, division, and survival in mammalian systems. Mutation or deregulation of members of this family of protein kinases contribute to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Although AGC kinases are conserved in the plant kingdom, little is known about their molecular functions and targets.

Improvement of stress tolerance in plants by genetic manipulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Plant stress tolerance depends on many factors among which signaling by mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAPK) modules plays a crucial role. Reversible phosphorylation of MAPKs, their upstream activators and downstream targets such as transcription factors can trigger a myriad of transcriptomic, cellular and physiological responses. Genetic manipulation of abundance and/or activity of some of these modular MAPK components can lead to better stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and crop plant species such as tobacco and cereals.

Morphological forms of Trypanosoma evansi from blood of Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the Riyadh metropolitan areas.

Trypanosoma evansi is commonly referred to as haemoflagellate infesting camels and other vertebrates. It is causative agent of number of diseases. T.