Effect of controlled surface roughness and biomimetic coating on titanium implants adhesion to the bone: An experiment animal study.

Introduction: Laser micromachining of titanium and its alloys can create micro-grooves with sizes similar to cell diameter of about 10 μm. Its coating with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) may enhance cellular spreading and adhesion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of laser micro-grooving and laser micro-grooving combined with RGD coating on the strength of the dental implants/bone interface using destructive mechanical pullout testing in experimental animals.

The effect of osseodensification and different thread designs on the dental implant primary stability.

It is difficult to achieve good primary stability of dental implants in soft bone, such as that in the posterior maxillae. Osseodensification (OD) burs, working in a non-subtractive fashion, condense the implant osteotomy bone in lateral direction and increase in the bone implant contact. Also, dental implants with deeper threads, and decreased thread pitch can increase initial bone implant anchorage.

The development of a composite bone model for training on placement of dental implants.

Objectives: It takes a lot of training on patients for both undergraduate to develop clinical sense as regards to the placement of dental implants in the jaw bones, also, the models provided by the dental implant companies for training are usually made of strengthened synthetic foams, which are far from the composition, and tactile sense provided by natural bone during drilling for clinical placement of dental implants.

Methodology: This is an in-vitro experimental study which utilized bovine femur bone, where the shaft of the femur provided the surface compact layer, and the head provided the cancellous bone layer, to provide a training model similar to jaw bones macroscopic anatomy. Both the compact and cancellous bone samples were characterized using mechanical compressive testing.

Laser micro-grooved, Arginine-Glycine-Apspartic acid (RGD) coated dental implants, a 5 years radiographic follow-up.

Objectives: This work has utilized laser direct writing to produce 10 microns wide uniform grooves on the surface of custom made titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) dental implants, and the tri-peptide RGD coating to produce a micromechanical and a chemical union with the tissues around the implant crest module and minimize crestal bone loss. The aim of this study was to follow these implants radiographically after five years of service under a mandibular overdenture.

Methodology: Standardized digital periapical radiographs and the computer software "Image J" were used to evaluate the bone density profile and vertical bone loss along the mesial and distal sides of the implants used in this study.