CATHETER II: a randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness of various washout policies versus no washout policy in preventing catheter-associated complications in adults living with long-term catheters.

Objectives: Do weekly prophylactic saline or acidic catheter washouts in addition to standard long-term catheter (LTC) care improve the outcomes of adults with LTC compared with standard LTC care only.

Design: Three-arm superiority open-label randomised controlled trial.

Setting: UK community-based study.

Evaluation of L. and leaves extracts in the management of pain, pyrexia and allergy in mice and rats.

A huge amount of information, related to herbals is based exclusively on historical beliefs. Therefore, we aim to provide scientific validation for some of the traditional uses attributed to (OE) and (TA). To achieve this, we conducted experiments to ensure the safety of the aqueous extract of OE and the methanolic extract of TA.

Incidence of influenza virus-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in three districts in 2018 at Gharbia governorate, Egypt.

Aims: Influenza remains a contributor to substantial global morbidity and mortality. There is very limited data on disease burden in Egypt. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of influenza-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in three districts in Gharbia governorate in 2018.

Enhancing effect of oregano essential oil and Bacillus subtilis on broiler immune function, intestinal morphology and growth performance.

The present study evaluated the effect of two categories of feed additives on chicken performance through immunological and intestinal histo-morphometric measurements. A total of 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I received a non-supplemented basal diet.

Three-year cost utility analysis of mini versus standard slings: A trial based economic evaluation.

Objective: To report on the cost-effectiveness of adjustable anchored single-incision mini-slings (mini-slings) compared with tension-free standard mid-urethral slings (standard slings) in the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Patients And Methods: Data on resource use and quality were collected from women aged ≥18 years with predominant SUI undergoing mid-urethral sling procedures in 21 UK hospitals. Resource use and quality of life (QoL) data were prospectively collected alongside the Single-Incision Mini-Slings versus standard synthetic mid-urethral slings Randomised Control Trial (SIMS RCT), for surgical treatment of SUI in women.

Novel clinically meaningful scores for the ICIQ-UI-SF and ICIQ-FLUTS questionnaires in women with stress incontinence.

Aim: To establish, for the first time, the clinically important differences for the ICIQ-UI-SF and ICIQ-FLUTS questionnaires following surgical and conservative treatments for stress-predominant urinary incontinence in women.

Methods: Data from the SIMS and OPAL randomised controlled trials were analysed using an anchor-based method. Clinically important difference (CID; score change indicating a successful outcome) and minimal important difference (MID; score change indicating the smallest noticeable difference) were estimated using the PGI-I scale as the anchor.

Patient preferences for stress urinary incontinence treatments: a discrete choice experiment.

Objectives: To elicit and value patient preferences for the processes and outcomes of surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women.

Design: A discrete choice experiment survey to elicit preferences for type of anaesthesia, postoperative recovery time, treatment success, adverse events, impact on daily activities and cost. An experimental design generated 40 choice tasks, and each respondent completed 1 block of 10 and 2 validity tests.

Expanding agroforestry can increase nitrate retention and mitigate the global impact of a leaky nitrogen cycle in croplands.

The internal soil nitrogen (N) cycle supplies N to plants and microorganisms but may induce N pollution in the environment. Understanding the variability of gross N cycling rates resulting from the global spatial heterogeneity of climatic and edaphic variables is essential for estimating the potential risk of N loss. Here we compiled 4,032 observations from 398 published N pool dilution and tracing studies to analyse the interactions between soil internal potential N cycling and environmental effects.

The "Aberdeen Home Continence Stress Test": a novel objective assessment tool for female stress urinary incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Clinical trials for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) require a robust, reliable, and responsive tool for objective assessment of SUI post-intervention. The Aberdeen Home Continence Stress Test (HCST) is a novel patient-reported objective assessment tool, aimed to be patient-friendly and reduce attrition rates by avoiding hospital appointments and prolonged pad-wearing. We aim to describe the HCST for the first time and evaluate its reliability, diagnostic accuracy, and response to change.

Single-incision mini-slings versus standard synthetic mid-urethral slings for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: The SIMS RCT.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is the most common type of urinary incontinence in premenopausal women. Until recently, synthetic mid-urethral slings (mesh/tape) were the standard surgical treatment, if conservative management failed. Adjustable anchored single-incision mini-slings are newer, use less mesh and may reduce perioperative morbidity, but it is unclear how their success rates and safety compare with those of standard tension-free mid-urethral slings.

Planned mode of birth after previous cesarean section and risk of undergoing pelvic floor surgery: A Scottish population-based record linkage cohort study.

Background: The global rise in cesarean sections has led to increasing numbers of pregnant women with a history of previous cesarean section. Policy in many high-income settings supports offering these women a choice between planned elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS) or planned vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC), in the absence of contraindications to VBAC. Despite the potential for this choice to affect women's subsequent risk of experiencing pelvic floor disorders, evidence on the associated effects to fully counsel women is lacking.

Randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of various washout policies versus no washout policy in preventing catheter associated complications in adults living with long-term catheters: study protocol for the CATHETER II study.

Background: Various washout policies are widely used in adults living with long-term catheters (LTC). There is currently insufficient evidence on the benefits and potential harms of prophylactic LTC washout policies in the prevention of blockages and other LTC-related adverse events, such as urinary tract infections. CATHETER II tests the hypothesis that weekly prophylactic LTC washouts (normal saline or citric acid) in addition to standard LTC care reduce the incidence of catheter blockage requiring intervention compared to standard LTC care only in adults living with LTC.

Multigene Panel Sequencing Reveals Cancer-Specific and Common Somatic Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients: An Egyptian Experience.

This study aims at identifying common pathogenic somatic mutations at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in Egyptian patients. Our cohort included colonoscopic biopsies collected from 120 patients: 20 biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 38 from colonic polyp patients, and 62 from patients with colorectal cancer. On top of this, the cohort included 20 biopsies from patients with non-specific mild to moderated colitis.

Single-Incision Mini-Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women.

Background: Until recently, synthetic midurethral slings (made of mesh or tape) were the standard surgical treatment worldwide for female stress urinary incontinence, if conservative management failed. Data comparing the effectiveness and safety of newer single-incision mini-slings with those of standard midurethral slings are limited.

Methods: We performed a pragmatic, noninferiority, randomized trial comparing mini-slings with midurethral slings among women at 21 U.

Trends, wealth inequalities and the role of the private sector in caesarean section in the Middle East and North Africa: A repeat cross-sectional analysis of population-based surveys.

Objective: To examine trends and variations of caesarean section by economic status and type of healthcare facility in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Methods: Secondary data analysis of nationally representative household surveys conducted between 2008-2020 across nine Arab countries in the MENA region. The study population was women aged 15-49 years with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey.

Patients' and Health Care Professionals' Expectations, Experience, and Perception of the Outcomes of Various Washout Policies in Preventing Catheter-associated Complications: Qualitative Study of the CATHETER II Trial.

The CATHETER II trial is expected to determine if and which policy for prophylactic catheter washout on a weekly basis improves the outcome of care for people living with a long-term catheter. By exploring the views and experiences of both the trial participants and health care professionals in relation to the trial delivery and outcomes, the CATHETER II qualitative study can provide context to the trial findings, clarify the fidelity of the intervention, and inform translation of the intervention into routine policy and practice.

In Silico Characterization of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Isolates Recovered from Food Sources and Sporadic Human Illness.

spp. represents the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide with the potential to cause serious sequelae. The ability of to survive stressful environmental conditions has been directly linked with food-borne illness.

Basic versus biofeedback-mediated intensive pelvic floor muscle training for women with urinary incontinence: the OPAL RCT.

Background: Urinary incontinence affects one in three women worldwide. Pelvic floor muscle training is an effective treatment. Electromyography biofeedback (providing visual or auditory feedback of internal muscle movement) is an adjunct that may improve outcomes.

Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training with and without electromyographic biofeedback for urinary incontinence in women: multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus electromyographic biofeedback or PFMT alone for stress or mixed urinary incontinence in women.

Design: Parallel group randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 23 community and secondary care centres providing continence care in Scotland and England.

Application of neural network and time series modeling to study the suitability of drain water quality for irrigation: a case study from Egypt.

Limited water resources are one of the major challenges facing Egypt during the current stage. The agricultural drainage water is an important water resource which can be reused for agriculture. Thus, the current study aims to assess the quality of drainage water for irrigation purpose through monitoring and predicting its suitability for irrigation.

Does pre-operative urodynamics lead to better outcomes in management of urinary incontinence in women? A linked systematic review and meta-analysis.

The use of preoperative urodynamics as a standard investigation for urinary incontinence (UI) has long been a subject of debate, with a lack of robust evidence to demonstrate improved patients' outcomes. We aim to compare the clinical and cost effectiveness of urodynamics versus office clinical evaluation only, prior to the treatment of UI. We conducted three linked systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing urodynamics assessment versus clinical evaluation only in women prior to 1) non-surgical treatment of UI, 2a) surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 2b) invasive treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).

Role of Perioperative Pregabalin in the Management of Acute and Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain.

Background: Post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS) can be challenging to treat.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative pregabalin in the prevention of acute and chronic post-thoracotomy pain.

Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for thoracotomy for oncologic surgeries were randomly allocated to one of two groups; Pregabalin and Control.

Some biochemical studies on trans fatty acid-containing diet.

trans fatty acids (TFA's) are unsaturated fatty acid which have one or more double bond, they are present naturally and most of it is artificial, fried, baked food and margarine are major sources of TFA, there are several biological effects of TFAs on body health, various study showed that dietary TFA associated with various health disorders such as Diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), Obesity, breast cancer, prostatic cancer infertility, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 encourages eliminations of trans fatty acids. The diet which related to non-communicable diseases include TFA should be eliminated, WHO's European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015-2020 suggested that TFAs should be less than 1% of the daily energy intake include natural origin.