Investigating the effect of changing the substrate material analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on the antenna performance.

Miniaturized microstrip antennas are efficiently utilized in MICS band wearable and implantable medical applications. However, the properties of the materials employed for antenna fabrication influence its resultant parameters and play a vital role in its performance. Rogers have been widely used as a substrate material in various antenna designs.

Scattering and absorption properties modification of optically cleared skeletal muscles: an ex vivo study.

Optical clearing is a relatively new approach to enhancing the optical transparency of biological tissues by reducing their scattering properties. The optical clearing effect is achievable via various chemical, physical, and photo-thermal techniques. The present work studied optical parameters of bovine skeletal muscles under different clearing protocols: immersion optical clearing in 99% glycerol and photo-thermal optical clearing via exposure to IR laser irradiation.

Discriminating two bacteria via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and artificial neural network.

Rapid and successful clinical diagnosis and bacterial infection treatment depend on accurate identification and differentiation between different pathogenic bacterial species. A lot of efforts have been made to utilize modern techniques which avoid the laborious work and time-consuming of conventional methods to fulfill this task. Among such techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can tell much about bacterial identity and functionality.

Effect of target thickness and laser irradiance on the back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal in glass.

In the work that is being presented here, the effect of sample thickness and laser irradiance on the reduction of the signal-to-background ratio SBG and the plasma parameters, specifically electron temperature and electron density, is being investigated using back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (BRELIBS). Copper and silver discs that had been highly polished were attached to the back surface of the glass target, and the Nd-YAG laser beam that was focused on the front surface of the target was tuned to its fundamental wavelength. The thicknesses of the transparent glass samples that were analysed were 1 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm.

Utilization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, with principal component analysis and artificial neural networks in revealing adulteration of similarly looking fish fillets.

Fish is an essential source of many nutrients necessary for human health. However, the deliberate mislabeling of similar fish fillet types is common in markets to make use of the relatively high price difference. This is a type of explicit food adulteration.

Adaptive optics-based wavefront-enhanced laser-induced fluorescence (WELIF) for improved analytical performance.

The current study proposes a novel optical approach based on an adaptive optics (AO) system to enhance the fluorescence intensity in the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The proposed method, wavefront-enhanced LIF (WELIF), relies mainly on compensating for the aberrations arising from the excitation-laser wavefront. The AO system consists of an active correction element (deformable mirror (DM)) integrated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS).

Reflection-enhanced laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to improve the analytical sensitivity in liquids.

The current work demonstrates a novel approach to enhancing the analytical sensitivity of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique in liquids. An increase in the fluorescence spectral band intensity of about sixfold compared to the conventional LIF has been achieved. Such betterment has been accomplished by having the fluorophore liquid in a cuvette having a reflecting mirror-like side facing the exciting incident laser beam.

Optical Characterization of Biological Tissues Based on Fluorescence, Absorption, and Scattering Properties.

Optical diagnostics methods are significantly appealing in biological applications since they are non-destructive, safe, and minimally invasive. Laser-induced fluorescence is a promising optical spectrochemical analytical technique widely employed for tissue classification through molecular analysis of the studied samples after excitation with appropriate short-wavelength laser light. On the other hand, diffuse optics techniques are used for tissue monitoring and differentiation based on their absorption and scattering characteristics in the red to the near-infrared spectra.

Back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (BRELIBS) on transparent materials: Application on archaeological glass.

A straightforward and simple method has been proposed in the current work to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the LIBS spectrum of transparent samples. The idea is to benefit from a highly polished metallic reflector in direct contact with the rear surface of the transparent target. Copper and silver metals have been used as reflectors for the focused laser beam and force it to pass through the plasma plume induced initially onto the front surface of the target.

A novel synthesis of a chlorophyll b-gold nanoconjugate used for enhancing photodynamic therapy: In vitro study.

Chlorophyll, the essential green pigment in plants, is considered a promising natural photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, it suffers from lower stability in the physiological conditions that depress its efficacy in the PDT. The combination of nanotechnology and PDT is becoming a promising approach to combat tumors.

Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Three-Dimensional Contour Imaging of an Aluminum Alloy.

In the present work, nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to analyze an aluminum alloy. Although LIBS has numerous advantages, it suffers from low sensitivity and low detection limits compared to other spectrochemical analytical methods. However, using gold nanoparticles helps to overcome such drawbacks and enhances the LIBS sensitivity in analyzing aluminum alloy in the current work.

Comparative study between the photodynamic ability of gold and silver nanoparticles in mediating cell death in breast and lung cancer cell lines.

Cancer is one of the dreadest diseases once diagnosed and has severe impacts on health, social and economic global aspects. Nanomedicine is considered an emerging approach for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. The multifunctional effects of silver and gold nanoparticles (Ag and Au NPs) have rendered them to be potent candidates for biomedical applications.