Incidence of bone fractures among patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those undergoing hemodialysis (HD), have a higher risk of fragility fractures. However, the magnitude of the problem and risk factors associated with fracture incidence have not been well studied in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study involved HD centers in Jeddah from 2015 to 2021.

Is Adynamic Bone Always a Disease? Lessons from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a common complication of end-stage kidney disease that often starts early with loss of kidney function, and it is considered an integral part in management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adynamic bone (ADB) is characterized by suppressed bone formation, low cellularity, and thin osteoid seams. There is accumulating evidence supporting increasing prevalence of ADB, particularly in early CKD.

Low Turnover Renal Osteodystrophy With Abnormal Bone Quality and Vascular Calcification in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate CKD.

Introduction: Limited information is available on renal osteodystrophy (ROD) and vascular calcification (VC) during early chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was designed to evaluate ROD and VC in 32 patients with CKD stages II to IV.

Methods: Patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS), thoracic computed tomography for VC scoring using the Agatston method, and anterior iliac crest bone biopsy for mineralized bone histology, histomorphometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Secondary Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases.

Fragility fracture is a worldwide problem and a main cause of disability and impaired quality of life. It is primarily caused by osteoporosis, characterized by impaired bone quantity and or quality. Proper diagnosis of osteoporosis is essential for prevention of fragility fractures.

Kidneys in SARS-CoV-2 era: A challenge of multiple faces.

Introduction: With the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was believed to be a direct respiratory virus. But, its deleterious effects were observed on different body systems, including kidneys.

Aim Of Work: In this review, we tried as much as we can to summarize what has been discussed in the literature about the relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and kidneys since December, 2019.

Characteristics and outcomes of prisoners hospitalized due to COVID-19 disease.

Background: Correctional facilities have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. A COVID-19 outbreak was reported in the Federal Medical Center (FMC) in Lexington, Kentucky, a prison for inmates requiring medical and mental care. The main objective of this study was to examine clinical characteristics and outcomes of prisoners vs.

Bone Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Current Concepts and Future Directions - Part II.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, which is due not only to low bone volume and mass but also poor microarchitecture and tissue quality. The pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions detailed, herein, are potential approaches to improve bone health in CKD patients. Various medications build up bone mass but also affect bone tissue quality.

Relation of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors (Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1) to Left Ventricular Mass Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. It predicts poor prognosis. Several inhibitors regulate Wnt canonical pathways like Dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin.

Bone Quality in CKD Patients: Current Concepts and Future Directions - Part I.

Background: There is ample evidence that patients with CKD have an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Bone fragility is not only influenced by low bone volume and mass but also by poor microarchitecture and tissue quality. More emphasis has been given to the quantitative rather than qualitative assessment of bone health, both in general population and CKD patients.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in early prediction of renal fibrosis in patients with renal disease: Functional and histopathological correlations.

Aim: Renal fibrosis (RF) is a well-known marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, renal biopsy is an available tool for evaluation of RF, non-invasive tools are needed not only to detect but also to monitor the progression of fibrosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the assessment of renal dysfunction and RF in patients with renal disease.

Relation of protein energy wasting to carotid intima media thickness in hemodialysis patients.

Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) can reflect the degree of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Factors such as advanced age, male gender, family history, and smoking can increase the risk of CIMT. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, lower serum albumin level was found to be correlated with higher CIMT.