Introduction: In view of the conflicting evidence of helper T cell type 1 (Th1) or type 2 (Th2) pattern of cytokine synthesis in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), this study aimed to assess type-1/type-2 cytokines level in different stages of SSNS and to evaluate the role of IL-18.
Methods: We prospectively studied thirty children with SSNS, aged 2-12 years. The children were evaluated in the active stage before treatment initiation and re-evaluated again during remission while still on steroid treatment.
Objective: To define the prevalence, risk factors, and age at diagnosis of endocrinopathies in beta-thalassemia major (BTM) in Northwest Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with BTM attending a combined endocrine-hematology clinic in Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March 2009 to December 2010. Clinical and biochemical data from the initial clinic visits were used to define the prevalence and age of diagnosis of endocrinopathies.