Validity of a sponge trainer as a simple training model for percutaneous renal access.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of our simply designed trainer for junior urologists to acquire the initial skills for percutaneous renal access (PRA).

Subjects And Methods: Three sponge sheets (60 × 50 × 10 cm) were arranged horizontally over each other. A rectangular groove was made in the middle sheet to accommodate an inflated balloon of a Foley catheter, radio-opaque metal balls, metal rings, or a plastic tube that were sequentially placed for the four training tasks.

On-demand use of tramadol, sildenafil, paroxetine and local anaesthetics for the management of premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the clinical efficacy of the on-demand use of four drugs in the management of patients with premature ejaculation (PE), as the off-label use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and topical penile anaesthetics is frequently indicated for the management of patients with PE, and tramadol HCl and sildenafil citrate were also tried for managing this disorder, but with recommendations based on weak evidence.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-centre, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted on 150 patients who had PE for >1 year. Patients were randomised equally into five groups.