Separate anterior paraventricular thalamus projections differentially regulate sensory and affective aspects of pain.

The experience of pain is complex, involving both sensory and affective components, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that formalin-induced pain behaviors coincide with increased responses in glutamatergic neurons within the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVA). Furthermore, we describe non-overlapping subpopulations of PVAVgluT2 neurons involved in sensory and affective pain processing, whose activity varies across different pain states.

Exploring the role of spinal astrocytes in the onset of hyperalgesic priming signals in acid-induced chronic muscle pain.

Hyperalgesic priming, a form of pain plasticity initiated by initial injury, leads to heightened sensitivity to subsequent noxious stimuli, contributing to chronic pain development in animals. While astrocytes play active roles in modulating synaptic transmission in various pain models, their specific involvement in hyperalgesic priming remains elusive. Here, we show that spinal astrocytes are essential for hyperalgesic priming formation in a mouse model of acid-induced muscle pain.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce CCl-induced kidney injury and fibrosis in male Wistar rats.

Aim: This study explores the possible therapeutic role of rats and mice bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on renal damage and toxicity brought on by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in Wistar rats.

Methods: Following an intraperitoneal injection of CCl (0.5 mL/kg b.

Reconstruction of Upper Third Defect of the Auricle by Conchal Cartilage Graft and Coverage by Postauricular Flap.

Background: The defects of the upper third of the auricle are considered significant reconstructive challenges, as they require frequent operations with a high risk of morbidity at the donor site and result in unacceptable cosmetic abnormalities.

Objective: Is to perform the reconstruction of a full-thickness auricular defect located in the upper third of the ear using a conchal cartilage graft with postauricular flap coverage, aiming to minimize both donor and recipient morbidity.

Patients And Methods: The current study included 20 patients with unilateral upper-third auricular defects.

Hesperidin Attenuates Hypothyroidism-Induced Lung Damage in Adult Albino Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Inflammatory Cytokines.

The occurrence of worsening pulmonary function has been connected to hypothyroidism (HPO). Hesperidin (HES) was suggested to have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory potential. Our study's objective was to determine whether HES could reduce carbimazole (CBZ)-induced lung injury more effectively than Eltroxin (ELT) in adult male albino rats or not.

A Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Ionic Liquid for Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Ivermectin from Environmental Water.

The recently introduced gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid (Gd-MIL) has been exploited as an extractant in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for preconcentration of ivermectin (IVR) from water samples followed by analysis using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 245 nm. The utilized Gd-MIL extractant is hydrophobic with markedly high magnetic susceptibility. These features result in an efficient extraction of the lipophilic analyte and facilitate the phase separation under the influence of a strong magnetic field, thus promoting the method sensitivity and increasing the potential for automation.

The Pattern of Antimicrobial Prescription at a Tertiary Health Center in Egypt: A Point Survey and Implications.

Background: The misuse of antimicrobials has major consequences, particularly antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobials' related adverse effects. So, the WHO proposed antimicrobial surveillance to improve antimicrobials use. This point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted to illustrate the prevalence of antimicrobial use at Mansoura University hospitals (MUH), Egypt.

Perceived stigma and healthcare services in healthcare settings among people living with HIV in Egypt: a qualitative study.

Background: The researchers conducted the current study to explore the perspectives of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on HIV-related discrimination and the delivery of healthcare services in healthcare settings.

Methods: An exploratory study using a qualitative approach was conducted among 46 PLHIV who were seeking HIV counselling and treatment from two HIV centres in the Cairo governorate using a purposive sampling technique.

Results: A thematic content analysis was used to examine the responses.

A gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid for supramolecular dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC/UV for the determination of favipiravir in human plasma.

Favipiravir is a potential antiviral medication that has been recently licensed for Covid-19 treatment. In this work, a gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid was prepared and used as an extractant in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of favipiravir in human plasma. The high enriching ability of DLLME allowed the determination of favipiravir in real samples using HPLC/UV with sufficient sensitivity.

Simple Clinical Screening Underestimates Malnutrition in Surgical Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-An ACS NSQIP Analysis.

The present large scale study aimed to assess the prevalence and consequences of malnutrition, based on clinical assessment (body mass index and preoperative weight loss) and severe hypoalbuminemia (<3.1 g/L), in a representative US cohort undergoing IBD surgery. The American College of Surgeons National Quality improvement program (ACS-NSQIP) Public User Files (PUF) between 2005 and 2018 were assessed.

Prevention of Hepatorenal Insufficiency Associated with Lead Exposure by L. Beverages Using In Vivo Assay.

Lead pollution is a major environmental challenge worldwide. Therefore, dietary interventions that are aimed at preventing lead's deleterious effects on body organs are needed. The study's goal was to study and compare the protective effect of cold and hot beverages of Roselle ( L.

identification of potential inhibitors against main protease of SARS-CoV-2 6LU7 from via molecular docking, binding energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Background: The ongoing global outbreak of new corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as global public health concern since it causes high morbidity and mortality every day. Due to the rapid spreading and re-emerging, we need to find a potent drug against SARS-CoV-2. Synthetic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, remdisivir have paid more attention and the effects of these drugs are still under investigation, due to their severe side effects.

Multi-Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular dynamic simulation studies for investigation of interaction of dapagliflozin with bovine serum albumin.

Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption. The drug has recently become a crucial milestone in the management of diabetes and heart failure. In this study, the interaction of DAPA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated for the first time using various fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, UV-absorption spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.

Feasibility and Safety of Goel-Harms Posterior C1-C2 Fusion in the Management of Pediatric Reducible Atlantoaxial Instability.

Background: Pediatric atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is not common and could be a serious clinical condition. The Goel-Harms technique is one of the most used techniques in adults and needs more evaluation in pediatric populations. This study reports the feasibility and safety of the Goel-Harms technique in the treatment of pediatric reducible AAI.

Ameliorative property of on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In diabetic condition, endogenous glucose synthesis will be elevated due to defect in the action of vital enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which is the main cause for hyperglycemia. The current study was designed to explore the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of flower (SGF) extract by evaluating the concentration of C-peptide, insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA), hemoglobin (Hb), glycogen and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities in diabetic rats. The study found to lower the level of glucose, HbA and simultaneously ameliorated concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), glycogen and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities in SGF treated (250 mg/kg body weight for 45 days) diabetic rats.

Assessment of hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA in high and low viremic chronic hepatitis B patients.

Aim Of The Study: Intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the main cause of hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence. Therefore, a noninvasive serum biomarker that can reflect intrahepatic cccDNA is required for evaluation of HBV virological, biochemical activity and therapeutic response. Aim of the study was to assess serum hepatitis B pregenomic RNA in low viremia patients (HBV DNA < 2000 IU/ml) and high viremia (HBV DNA > 2000 IU/ml).

A Low-Fat Diet Combined with Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise is More Effective than a Low-Fat Diet or Aerobic Exercise Alone on Dyslipidemia and Depression Status in Obese Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Objective: Exercise and dietary interventions are used to control dyslipidemia and depression in obese individuals, whilst rare investigations have examined the concurrent effects of a low-fat diet and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIAET) on dyslipidemia and depression in obese patients. Hence, we assessed the potential influences of a low-fat diet combined with MIAET on blood lipids and depression in those individuals.

Methods: Forty-two obese patients aged 30-50 years have been enrolled in this randomized controlled trial.

Short-Term Psychological and Hormonal Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Chronic Low Back Pain in Soccer Players.

Objective: To find the short-term psychological and hormonal effects of virtual reality training on chronic low back pain in American soccer players.

Design, Setting, Participants: The 3-block random sampling method was used on 54 university American soccer players with chronic low back pain, and they were allocated into 3 groups: virtual reality training (VRT; n = 18), combined physical rehabilitation (n = 18), and control (n = 18) groups at University Hospital. They underwent different balance training exercises for 4 weeks.

A gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

A hydrophobic gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) was investigated for the first time as an extraction solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The tested MIL was composed of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cations and paramagnetic gadolinium chloride anions. The prepared MIL showed low water miscibility, reasonable viscosity, markedly high magnetic susceptibility, adequate chemical stability, low UV background, and compatibility with reversed-phase HPLC solvents.

Comparative Application of Different Substaging Techniques for Non-Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical significance of 4 systems of substaging cases with non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma. In addition 4 cutoff measures were evaluated for prediction of muscularis-mucosa invasion. Four substaging systems were applied to 57 NMIBC cases to assess which of these reported methods correlates best with recurrence and progression.

Ligand exchange method for determination of mole ratios of relatively weak metal complexes: a comparative study.

Ligand exchange method is introduced as an alternative to Job's and mole ratio methods for studying the stoichiometry of relatively weak metal complexes in solutions. The method involves adding varying amounts of a ligand (L) to an excess constant amount of a colored complex (MX) with appropriate stability and molar absorptivity. The absorbance of each solution is measured at the λ of the initial complex, MX, and plotted against the concentration of the studied ligand, L.

Association between endoglin/transforming growth factor beta receptors 1, 2 gene polymorphisms and the level of soluble endoglin with preeclampsia in Egyptian women.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disease whose etiopathogenesis remains unclear.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess association between PE and 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ENG(G/A) rs11792480, TGFβR1(A/C) rs10739778 and TGFβR2(G/A) rs6550005, beside circulating soluble endoglin (sENG), oxidative stress biomarkers and nitric oxide (NO) in Egyptian women.

Methods: The study included 75 preeclamptic women stratified into 4 clinical subgroups and 50 normotensive pregnant women.

Association between risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms in a Saudi Arabian population.

The link between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) developing in the Saudi Arabian population remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the risk of developing T2DM and hypertension (HTN) in Saudi Arabian individuals. A total of 220 individuals consisting of 48 control subjects, 70 T2DM, 48 HTN, and 54 T2DM with HTN patients were recruited.

Sonographic Evaluation of Internal Jugular Vein Diameter and Cross-sectional Area Measurements in Correlation with Left Ventricular End Diastolic Area as a Tool for Perioperative Assessment of Volume Status in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the ultrasound estimation of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and diameter of internal jugular vein (IJV) with left ventricular end diastolic area (LVEDA) for the assessment of intravascular volume in pediatric patients during cardiac surgery.

Patients And Methods: The CSA and diameter of the left IJV were defined, using ultrasound machine, and compared with LVEDA, estimated by transesophageal echo, in four times intervals (immediately after induction [T1], before the start of cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] [T2], immediately after weaning of CPB [T3], and at the end of surgery before transfer to the Intensive Care Unit [T4]) as a tool for intravascular volume assessment in 16 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Results: There was a poor correlation between IJV CSA and diameter with LVEDA.