A combined landfarming-phytoremediation method to enhance remediation of mixed persistent contaminants.

Contamination of soil and water with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals can pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study aimed to investigate the establishment and growth of tall fescue and agropyron in two petroleum-contaminated soils (soil S and soil S) with previous landfarming treatments, and to assess the phytoremediation potential for heavy metal removal from these polluted soils. The results showed that the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons significantly (P < 0.