Sensory Strabismus; A Literature Review.

Persistent unilateral or bilateral visual deprivation at any age, particularly in children, can compromise sensory fusion and result in a type of strabismus known as sensory or secondary strabismus. There are several pathologies that can induce visual impairment, such as severe anisometropia, congenital unilateral cataract, corneal opacity, retinal diseases, and optic nerve anomalies. Sensory strabismus may be horizontal or vertical or a combination of them; however, most reports indicate the development of horizontal deviation as sensory strabismus.

Brown syndrome: a literature review.

The current data on various aspects of Brown syndrome are limited and sporadic. This review provides a coherent and comprehensive review of basic features, etiology, classification, differential diagnosis, and different management strategies of patients with Brown syndrome. In this topical review, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for papers, published between 1950 and January 2023 based on the keywords of this article.

Basic acquired nonaccommodative esotropia patients managed with surgery; a study of 2102 patients.

Introduction: Several studies investigated preoperative clinical features of patients with basic-acquired nonaccommodative esotropia (BANAET); however, their sample sizes were small, and they did not compare the clinical features among cases that needed different surgery times. The main purpose of this study is to compare the preoperative clinical features of patients with BANAET managed with one surgery with patients who underwent two or more strabismus surgery over 10 years.

Methods: This historical cohort study was performed on the hospital records of 13,252 Iranian strabismic patients who underwent surgery at Farabi eye hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2012 to September 2022.

Clinical features and refractive profile of Brown syndrome.

Clinical Significance: Understanding the refractive profile, amblyopia prevalence, binocular status, and head position in patients with Brown syndrome help clinicians become more familiar with this syndrome.

Background: Brown syndrome is identified as an active and passive restricted elevation of the eye in adduction. There is little information on clinical features, including refractive status, amblyopia, abnormal head posture (AHP), and types of deviation in these patients.

Does Head Tilt Influence Facial Appearance More Than Head Turn?

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt versus those with head turn.

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 155 cases, including 58 patients with congenital pure head turn due to Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), 33 patients with congenital pure head tilt due to upshoot in adduction or DRS, and 64 orthotropic subjects as the control group. The facial appearance was evaluated by computerized analysis of digital photographs of patients' faces.

Ocular Abnormal Head Posture: A Literature Review.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review on different characteristics of abnormal head postures (AHPs) due to different ocular causes, its measurement, and its effect on facial appearance.

Methods: In this review article, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for the scientific articles and books published between 1975 and September 2020 based on the keywords of this article. The selected articles were collected, summarized, classified, evaluated, and finally concluded.

The Correlation between Hypertropia and Head Tilt in Congenital Unilateral Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the angle of deviation in different gazes and the amount of head tilt in patients with congenital unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP).

Methods: This case series study was performed on 20 consecutive SOP patients with head tilt. Based on the Bielschowsky three-step test, the angle of deviation was measured in different gazes.

Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Congenital Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy.

Significance: This study was conducted to evaluate facial asymmetry in unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP). The results showed that all facial asymmetry parameters had a higher frequency in SOP patients compared with orthotropic individuals.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of facial asymmetry in unilateral congenital SOP and compare with orthotropic individuals.

Abnormal Head Posture in Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy.

: To evaluate the manifestations and severity of abnormal head posture (AHP) in unilateral congenital and acquired superior oblique palsy (SOP) patients and to assess the effect of AHP on facial appearance. : This case series study was performed on 60 consecutive SOP patients, which consisted of 47 patients with congenital SOP and 13 patients with the acquired source. The exact type of AHP in congenital and acquired cases was determined based on direct observation.

Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Significance: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). The results showed a high frequency of facial asymmetry parameters of the opposite side of head turn in unilateral DRS patients.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of facial asymmetry in unilateral exotropic and esotropic DRS and to compare the findings with orthotropic subjects.

The effect of different amblyopia treatment protocols on axial length of non-amblyopic eyes in anisohyperopic patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of full-time and part-time occlusion therapy on axial length (AL) of non-amblyopic eyes in anisohyperopic patients.

Methods: Sixty-five patients who were treated for anisohyperopic amblyopia were recruited for this prospective cross-sectional study. Treatment was provided as patching of the non-amblyopic for 4 h or less (part-time occlusion therapy, n = 42), patching of the non-amblyopic for 8 h or more (full-time occlusion therapy, n = 13) and refractive correction (spectacles, non-patched group, n = 10).

The prevalence of strabismus types in strabismic Iranian patients.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of different types of strabismus and amblyopia in the patients of strabismus clinics from 2008 to 2014.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the archives of Farabi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2008 to 2014. The study consisted of using records of strabismic patients.