IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.

Comparative Study Between Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Units vs. Mixed Intensive Care Units in Key Performance Indicators.

Background This comparative study evaluates the performance of medical/surgical and mixed intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary care university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using key performance indicators (KPIs). Since its establishment in 1982, the hospital has provided comprehensive medical services, including specialized, closed-model ICUs, including medical, surgical, and pediatric ICUs. In 2021, these ICUs transitioned to a mixed ICU model to enhance efficiency and patient care.

Efficacy of melatonin for treatment and prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review.

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available literature evaluating the use of melatonin for preventing and treating neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A systematic review of studies examining the effect of melatonin on neonatal NEC was conducted. The databases of Medline, Scopus, WOS, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies.

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children: Incidence and Outcomes.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major concern in pediatric critical care, often occurring in conjunction with sepsis. This study aimed to identify the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors for AKI in the context of pediatric sepsis. This was a bicentric retrospective cohort study conducted at two university hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Exploring online health resources and self-care among irritable bowel syndrome patients: analyzing internet use and AI chatbot interactions.

Background: The increasing prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Saudi Arabia has led to a growing interest in understanding how patients seek health information online. While it is known that digital platforms, such as search engines, social media, and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, are commonly used for health information seeking, there is limited knowledge about the specific behaviors of IBS patients in this context and how these behaviors correlate with their self-care activities. This study aimed to explore online health information-seeking behavior and its correlation with self-care activities among patients with IBS in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the use of these digital platforms.

Healthcare workers' knowledge and preparedness for unprecedented foodborne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The recent unprecedented foodborne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia necessitated an assessment of healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study assessed healthcare workers' knowledge regarding the transmission, contagiousness, presentation, and diagnosis of foodborne botulism, as well as their management practices, including contacting public health authorities, administering antitoxin, preparedness to respond to botulism cases and consulting generative Artificial Intelligent (AI)-chatbots, like ChatGPT.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey targeting Saudi HCWs was conducted from May 6-19, 2024, following the first foodborne botulism outbreak.

National survey on Congenital Cytomegalovirus Awareness and Screening Practices among Healthcare Professionals.

Objectives: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, resulting from maternal-fetal transmission of CMV, poses a substantial risk to maternal and child health. It is the most prevalent congenital viral infection, and the prevention and management of this condition rely heavily on the knowledge and awareness of healthcare professionals.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 1, 2023, and August 31, 2023, across multiple tertiary centers in various Saudi Arabian cities.

OpenAI o1-Preview vs. ChatGPT in Healthcare: A New Frontier in Medical AI Reasoning.

This editorial explores the recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence with the newly-released OpenAI o1-Preview, comparing its capabilities to the traditional ChatGPT (GPT-4) model, particularly in the context of healthcare. While ChatGPT has shown many applications for general medical advice and patient interactions, OpenAI o1-Preview introduces new features with advanced reasoning skills using a  processes that could enable users to tackle more complex medical queries such as genetic disease discovery, multi-system or complex disease care, and medical research support. The article explores some of the new model's potential and other aspects that may affect its usage, like slower response times due to its extensive reasoning approach yet highlights its potential for reducing hallucinations and offering more accurate outputs for complex medical problems.

Determinants of Parental Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Era in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background Despite the success of childhood vaccination in reducing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge in several countries, such as Saudi Arabia, both during and beyond the COVID-19 era. Furthermore, the pandemic may have impacted vaccine hesitancy trends, potentially affecting parents' intentions to adhere to scheduled childhood vaccination programs. Aim This article aims to assess the extent of parents' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination, determine if it increased or decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, highlight the factors and determinants that influenced this hesitancy, whether positively or negatively, during the COVID-19 era, and estimate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in relation to the acceptance of scheduled childhood vaccination.

Perceived Knowledge, Guidelines Concordance, and Practices of Physicians for Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women.

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are common complaints that burden the healthcare system. Reporting perceived knowledge and guidelines in concordance regarding the management of (rUTI) is essential for providing better healthcare and higher treatment rate. This study assesses the perceived knowledge, guidelines concordance, and physicians' practices toward treatment of (rUTI) among physicians with different specialties.

Reference Hallucination Score for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have recently gained use in medical practice by health care practitioners. Interestingly, the output of these AI chatbots was found to have varying degrees of hallucination in content and references. Such hallucinations generate doubts about their output and their implementation.

Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Training in the Pandemic Era: Feasibility, Satisfaction, and the Road Ahead.

Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are essential assessments for evaluating the clinical competencies of medical students. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant disruption in medical education, prompting institutions to adopt virtual formats for academic activities. This study analyzes the feasibility, satisfaction, and experiences of pediatric board candidates and faculty during virtual or electronic OSCE (e-OSCE) training sessions using Zoom video communication (Zoom Video Communications, Inc.

The scientific knowledge of three large language models in cardiology: multiple-choice questions examination-based performance.

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like Google's Bard, OpenAI's ChatGPT, and Microsoft's Bing Chatbot into academic and professional domains, including cardiology, has been rapidly evolving. Their application in educational and research frameworks, however, raises questions about their efficacy, particularly in specialized fields like cardiology. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge depth and accuracy of these AI chatbots in cardiology using a multiple-choice question (MCQ) format.

Transforming Virtual Healthcare: The Potentials of ChatGPT-4omni in Telemedicine.

The introduction of OpenAI's ChatGPT-4omni (GPT-4o) represents a potential advancement in virtual healthcare and telemedicine. GPT-4o excels in processing audio, visual, and textual data in real time, offering possible enhancements in understanding natural language in both English and non-English contexts. Furthermore, the new "Temporary Chat" feature may improve privacy and data confidentiality during interactions, potentially increasing integration with healthcare systems.

ChatGPT-3.5 System Usability Scale early assessment among Healthcare Workers: Horizons of adoption in medical practice.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have widely invaded all domains of human life. They have the potential to transform healthcare future. However, their effective implementation hinges on healthcare workers' (HCWs) adoption and perceptions.

The socioeconomic burden of spinal muscular atrophy in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare debilitating condition with a significant burden for patients and society. However, little is known about how it affects Saudi Arabia's population. The socioeconomic and medical characteristics of affected SMA patients and their caregivers are lacking.

Navigating Novel Uncertainties of COVID-19: The Rise of the JN.1 Variant.

In the shadow of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the emergence of the JN.1 variant highlights the need for continued vigilance. This Editorial examines the characteristics of JN.

Assessing Knowledge, Acceptance, and Anticipated Impact of Telepathology in Saudi Arabia: Insights From Healthcare Workers and Patients.

Introduction: Telepathology, a rapidly evolving field in modern healthcare, has the potential to significantly impact the diagnosis and management of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of acceptance and knowledge, the likelihood of future use, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of telepathology among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 participants, including 179 HCWs and 209 adult patients across Saudi Arabia.

Awareness, Attitudes, and Willingness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Organ transplantation is inherently dependent on the availability of organ donors. There is a noticeable paucity of literature addressing the rates of organ donation registration and the awareness of Islamic regulations (Fatwa) regarding organ donation within Saudi Arabia. Our study aimed to evaluate the level of organ donation registration, awareness of Islamic regulations, and knowledge of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT) within the Saudi society.

Insight into prevalence, etiology, and modalities of pediatric chronic dialysis: a comprehensive nationwide analysis.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of kidney failure (KF) among children below 15 years of age receiving chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia and describe their dialysis modalities.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 8 August 2022, encompassing all 23 pediatric dialysis centers in Saudi Arabia. Data gathered comprised patient demographics, causes of KF, and the dialysis methods employed.

Assessment of Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes During the Global Mpox Outbreak in June 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study From the United Arab Emirates.

To examine knowledge, worry, anxiety, and vaccine acceptance for mpox among UAE adults. An online survey, advertised on academic and social media platform in June 2022 collected data from 959 participants (aged 18 and above) on mpox beliefs, risks, knowledge, worry, anxiety, COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and willingness to receive the mpox vaccine. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis identified associations and predictors between variables.

Healthcare's New Horizon With ChatGPT's Voice and Vision Capabilities: A Leap Beyond Text.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is responsible for a paradigm shift in medicine. OpenAI's recent augmentation of their Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) large language model (LLM) with voice and image recognition capabilities (OpenAI, Delaware) presents another potential transformative tool for healthcare. Envision a healthcare setting where professionals engage in dynamic interactions with ChatGPT to navigate the complexities of atypical medical scenarios.

Increased blood immune regulatory cells in severe COVID-19 with autoantibodies to type I interferons.

The hallmark of severe COVID-19 is an uncontrolled inflammatory response, resulting from poorly understood immunological dysfunction. While regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, as the main elements of immune homeostasis, contribute to the control of hyperinflammation during COVID-19 infection, we hypothesized change in their levels in relation to disease severity and the presence of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I IFNs. Cytometric analysis of blood of 62 COVID-19 patients with different severities revealed an increased proportion of conventional (cTreg; CD25FoxP3) and unconventional (uTreg; CD25FoxP3) Tregs, as well as the LAG3 immune suppressive form of cTreg/uTreg, in the blood of severe COVID-19 cases compared to the milder, non-hospitalized cases.