Electrochemical properties of a novel EDLC derived from plasticized biopolymer based electrolytes with valuable energy density close to NiMH batteries.

This study introduces a novel system of solid electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) utilizing biopolymer electrolytes with high energy density comparable to NiMH batteries. To prepare the electrolytes, a proton-conducting plasticized chitosan: poly(2-oxazoline) (POZ) with good film-forming properties was fabricated using a solution casting technique, and ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NHCFSO) salt was employed as a proton provider. Various glycerol concentrations were incorporated into the chitosan:POZ: NHCFSO system to enhance the ionic conductivity and fully transparent films were obtained.

Characteristics of Methyl Cellulose Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Inserted with Potassium Thiocyanate as K Cation Provider: Structural and Electrical Studies.

The attention to a stable and ionic conductive electrolyte is driven by the limitations of liquid electrolytes, particularly evaporation and leakage, which restrain their widespread use for electrochemical device applications. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is considered to be a potential alternative since it possesses high safety compared to its counterparts. However, it still suffers from low device efficiency due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of ion transport parameters.

Electrochemical and Ion Transport Studies of Li Ion-Conducting MC-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes.

A facile methodology system for synthesizing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on methylcellulose, dextran, lithium perchlorate (as ionic sources), and glycerol (such as a plasticizer) (MC:Dex:LiClO:Glycerol) has been implemented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and two imperative electrochemical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were performed on the films to analyze their structural and electrical properties. The FTIR spectra verify the interactions between the electrolyte components.

Innovative Green Chemistry Approach to Synthesis of Sn-Metal Complex and Design of Polymer Composites with Small Optical Band Gaps.

In this work, the green method was used to synthesize Sn-metal complex by polyphenols (PPHs) of black tea (BT). The formation of Sn-PPHs metal complex was confirmed through UV-Vis and FTIR methods. The FTIR method shows that BT contains NH and OH functional groups, conjugated double bonds, and PPHs which are important to create the Sn-metal complexes.

Studies of Circuit Design, Structural, Relaxation and Potential Stability of Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes Based on PVA:MC Impregnated with NHI Salt.

This work presents the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) that are made of polyvinyl alcohol-methylcellulose (PVA-MC) doped with various amounts of ammonium iodide (NHI). The structural and electrical properties of the polymer blend electrolyte were performed via the acquisition of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. The interaction among the components of the electrolyte was confirmed via the FTIR approach.

An Investigation into the PVA:MC:NHCl-Based Proton-Conducting Polymer-Blend Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) Device Application: The FTIR, Circuit Design and Electrochemical Studies.

In this report, the preparation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is performed from polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose (PVA-MC), and ammonium chloride (NHCl) using solution casting methodology for its use in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The characterizations of the prepared electrolyte are conducted using a variety of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The interaction between the polymers and NHCl salt are assured via FTIR.

Impedance, Electrical Equivalent Circuit (EEC) Modeling, Structural (FTIR and XRD), Dielectric, and Electric Modulus Study of MC-Based Ion-Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes.

The polymer electrolyte system of methylcellulose (MC) doped with various sodium bromide (NaBr) salt concentrations is prepared in this study using the solution cast technique. FTIR and XRD were used to identify the structural changes in solid films. Sharp crystalline peaks appeared at the XRD pattern at 40 and 50 wt.

Characteristics of PEO Incorporated with CaTiO Nanoparticles: Structural and Optical Properties.

In this research, direct band gap polymer composites with amorphous phase, which are imperative for optoelectronic devices applications were synthesized. The solution cast technique was used to produce polyethylene oxide (PEO)/calcium titanate (CaTiO) nanocomposite (NC) films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the growth of amorphous nature within PEO with CaTiO addition.

A Study of Methylcellulose Based Polymer Electrolyte Impregnated with Potassium Ion Conducting Carrier: Impedance, EEC Modeling, FTIR, Dielectric, and Device Characteristics.

In this research, a biopolymer-based electrolyte system involving methylcellulose (MC) as a host polymeric material and potassium iodide (KI) salt as the ionic source was prepared by solution cast technique. The electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used for device application of electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with high specific capacitance. The electrical, structural, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte systems were investigated using various techniques.

Characteristics of a Plasticized PVA-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and H Conductor for an Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor: Structural, Morphological, and Ion Transport Properties.

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NHSCN) and glycerol were fabricated using a solution casting method. Lithium-based energy storage devices are not environmentally friendly materials, and they are toxic. Thus, proton-conducting materials were used in this work as they are harmless and are smaller than lithium.

Bio-Based Plasticized PVA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Energy Storage EDLC Devices: Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Properties.

This report shows a simple solution cast methodology to prepare plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/methylcellulose (MC)-ammonium iodide (NHI) electrolyte at room temperature. The maximum conducting membrane has a conductivity of 3.21 × 10 S/cm.

The Study of Plasticized Sodium Ion Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes Based on Chitosan/Dextran Biopolymers: Ion Transport, Structural, Morphological and Potential Stability.

The polymer electrolyte system of chitosan/dextran-NaTf with various glycerol concentrations is prepared in this study. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study shows that the addition of glycerol increases the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte at room temperature. The highest conducting plasticized electrolyte shows the maximum DC ionic conductivity of 6.

Characteristics of Low Band Gap Copolymers Containing Anthracene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal and Structural Studies.

Two novel low band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4',7'-bis(2-thienyl)-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole--5,6-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-DMO) and poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4',7'-bis(2-thienyl)-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole-5,6--octyl-dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-8) were synthesized in the present work by copolymerising the bis-boronate ester of 9,10-phenylsubstituted anthracene flanked by thienyl groups as electron-donor units with benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units. Both polymers were synthesized in good yields via Suzuki polymerisation. Two different solubilizing alkyl chains were anchored to the BTDI units in order to investigate the impact upon their solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, structural properties and thermal stability of the resulting polymers.

Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties.

A series of alternating copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) flanked by thienyl moieties as electron-donor units and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units were designed and synthesized for solar cell applications. Different solubilizing side chains, including 2-ethylhexyl chains and -octyl chains were attached to CPDT units, whereas 3,7-dimethyloctyl chains and -octyl chains were anchored to the BTDI moieties. The impact of these substituents on the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated.

Investigation of Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Performance of Plasticized Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Proton Conducting Polymer Composite Electrolytes.

In this study, biopolymer composite electrolytes based on chitosan:ammonium iodide:Zn(II)-complex plasticized with glycerol were successfully prepared using the solution casting technique. Various electrical and electrochemical parameters of the biopolymer composite electrolytes' films were evaluated prior to device application. The highest conducting plasticized membrane was found to have a conductivity of 1.

Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review.

In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described.

The Study of Plasticized Solid Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Natural Polymers and Their Application for Energy Storage EDLC Devices.

In this work, plasticized magnesium ion-conducting polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:methylcellulose (CS:MC) were prepared using a solution cast technique. Magnesium acetate [Mg(CHCOO)] was used as a source of the ions. Nickel metal-complex [Ni(II)-complex)] was employed to expand the amorphous phase.

Steps Toward the Band Gap Identification in Polystyrene Based Solid Polymer Nanocomposites Integrated with Tin Titanate Nanoparticles.

In the current study, the film fabrication of polystyrene (PS) based polymer nanocomposites (NCs) with tuned refractive index and absorption edge was carried out using the solution cast method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light characterization techniques were performed. The structural and optical properties of the prepared films were specified.

The Study of Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Magnesium Ion Conducting CS: PVA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes: Role of Lattice Energy of Magnesium Salts on EDLC Performance.

Plasticized magnesium ion conducting polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan (CS): polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized with a casting technique. The source of ions is magnesium triflate Mg(CFSO), and glycerol was used as a plasticizer. The electrical and electrochemical characteristics were examined.

The Study of the Degree of Crystallinity, Electrical Equivalent Circuit, and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Based Biopolymer Electrolytes.

This report presents a facile and efficient methodology for the fabrication of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA):chitosan (CS) polymer electrolytes using a solution cast technique. Regarding characterizations of electrical properties and structural behavior, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used, respectively. Crystalline peaks appear in the XRD pattern of the PVA:CS:NHI while no peaks can be seen in the XRD pattern of plasticized systems.

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NHPF Polymer Electrolytes.

This research paper investigates the electrochemical performance of chitosan (CS): dextran (DX) polymer-blend electrolytes (PBEs), which have been developed successfully with the incorporation of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NHPF). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the plasticized electrolyte system with the highest value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity is the most amorphous system. The glycerol addition increased the amorphous phase and improved the ionic dissociation, which contributed to the enhancement of the fabricated device's performance.

Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Assembled from Modified Chitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with Potassium Iodide.

In the present work, phthaloyl chitosan (PhCh)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, ethyl carbonate (EC) as a co-solvent, and a set of five quaternaries of potassium iodide (KI) as a doping salt, which is a mixed composition of iodine (I). The prepared GPEs were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) to observe the effectiveness of the electrolyte, using mesoporous TiO, which was sensitized with N3 dye as the sensitizer. The incorporation of the potassium iodide-based redox couple in a polymer electrolyte is fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

The Study of EDLC Device with High Electrochemical Performance Fabricated from Proton Ion Conducting PVA-Based Polymer Composite Electrolytes Plasticized with Glycerol.

In the present work, a novel polymer composite electrolytes (PCEs) based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): ammonium thiocyanate (NHSCN): Cd(II)-complex plasticized with glycerol (Gly) are prepared by solution cast technique. The film structure was examined by XRD and FTIR routes. The utmost ambient temperature DC ionic conductivity () of 2.

Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NHBF-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes.

In the present work it was shown that low lattice energy ammonium salts are not favorable for polymer electrolyte preparation for electrochemical device applications. Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:poly(ethylene oxide) (CS:PEO) incorporated with various amounts of low lattice energy NHBFammonium salt have been prepared using the solution cast technique. Both structural and morphological studies were carried out to understand the phenomenon of ion association.

Electrical, Dielectric Property and Electrochemical Performances of Plasticized Silver Ion-Conducting Chitosan-Based Polymer Nanocomposites.

In the present work, chitosan (CS) as a natural biopolymer was used to prepare nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) in order to reduce plastic waste pollution. The plasticized CS-based NCSPE has been prepared via the solution casting technique. The electrical properties of the films were investigated using AC conductivity, dielectric properties, electric modulus, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).