Pediatric Surgery Workforce Around the World: A Need to Revise Residency Programs?

The study aimed to address the shortage of pediatric surgery specialists globally by investigating the discrepancies in training programs and population metrics across different countries and regions. An international survey of pediatric surgeons gathered data on training duration, examination procedures, certification, and population metrics like mortality rate and surgeon-to-population ratio. The study included 44 countries.

A mobile application for postoperative education of caregivers of children with congenital hypospadias: Requirement analysis.

Background And Aims: Hypospadias, a congenital anomaly, can have long-term effects on sexual, urinary, and reproductive functions, making proper postoperative care essential for desirable outcomes, which could be facilitated through a mobile application for diseases with long-term complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the data and functional requirements or minimum data set of a postoperative education mobile application for caregivers of children with hypospadias.

Methods: A literature review of papers published until April 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was conducted to determine the data and functional requirements of a mobile application that provides postoperative education to caregivers of children with congenital hypospadias.

Dumble cystic lymphangioma as an underlying cause of vague abdominal complaints in a 2-year-old girl: case report.

Unlabelled: Lymphatic malformations (LM) refer to very rare hamartomatous benign lymphatic ectasias with an incidence of 1:250 000. They almost involve children more than adults, and among them, infants under one age are mostly affected. Macrocytic LM is found to be more than 2 cm in diameter or 2×2 cm in volume.

The outcome and complications of modern staged repair surgery in newborns with classic bladder exstrophy in different genders: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is a rare anterior midline birth defect that remains a challenge for pediatric surgeons. Despite multiple reconstructive methods, outcomes vary widely in various reports. This study aims to compare the success rate and complications of modern staged repair of exstrophy (MSRE) in each gender and compare together.

Exacerbation of Congenital Hydronephrosis as the First Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in Children.

Background: Congenital hydronephrosis is one of the most common abnormalities of the upper urinary tract, which can be exacerbated by a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic triggers. The urinary tract system is one of the major organs complicated by COVID-19 infection. .

Electrochemical measuring of reactive oxygen species levels in the blood to detect ratio of high-density neutrophils, suitable to alarm presence of cancer in suspicious cases.

Here for the first time, a real-time electrochemical assay on unprocessed blood was designed to detect the presence of cancer in patients. The system has been based on the recently approved pathway, which indicates that the abundance of immature and mature low-density neutrophils (LDNs) with reduced ROS production in peripheral blood is increased with the presence of active cancer tumors. Reduced ROS/HO released from LDNs play the main role in determining the ROS/HO levels of peripheral blood.

The effects of botulinum toxin injection on urodynamic changes in pediatric population with neurospastic bladder: First trial in Iran.

Background: Neurogenic bladder is one of the serious, disturbing problems referred to pediatric urologic clinics. The increase in bladder pressure may damage the upper urinary tract. Anticholinergic medications have been used as the first line of complementary treatment.

Early pyeloplasty versus conservative management of severe ureteropelvic junction obstruction in asymptomatic infants.

Background: Ureteric-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of antenatal and neonatal hydronephrosis and its management remains controversial. While conservative management is advocated for all, this strategy puts a quarter of these patients at risk for possibly irreversible renal damage.

Aim: In this study, we compare functional and anatomic outcomes in newborns and infants less than 1 year of age with high-grade unilateral UPJO, following early surgical pyeloplasty (ESP) versus conservative management (CM).

Thoracotomy versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Pediatric Empyema.

Background: To compare the outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in comparison to open thoracic surgery in pediatric patients suffering from empyema.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 80 patients referred to the Department of Pediatric Surgery between 2015 and 2018. The patients were randomly divided into thoracotomy and VATS groups (groups I and II, respectively).

Abdominal Mass Secondary to Human Toxocariasis.

Toxocariasis is an extensive helminthic infection that leads to visceral larva migrans in humans. A 2.5-year-old girl referred for abdominal mass.

Complete Urethral Duplication in Children: A Case Report.

Introduction: Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare congenital anomaly with multiple anatomical variants.

Case Presentation: In this article we present a four year-old child with complete UD. The patient was admitted for hypospadias repair, in evaluation we found type IIA1 UD according to Effmann classification.

Evaluation of Onlay Island Flap Technique in Shallow Urethral Plate Hypospadiasis.

Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital genital anomalies in males that necessitates to be operated early in infancy (when 6 to 9 months old). On the other hand, hypospadias is a challenging field of pediatric urology with multiple reconstruction techniques. A perfect hypospadias repair is supposed to return urethral continuity with sufficient caliber, eradicate phallus curvature, and supply an acceptable appearance with low complications.

Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors; A 10-year Experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of germ cell tumors in patients admitted to our center during a ten year period.

Methods: In a retrospective descriptive study, patients with the pathological diagnosis of germ cell tumor (GCT) were included. All records were evaluated and patients followed by personal visit in clinic or phone call.

Protective temporary vesicostomy for upper urinary tract problems in children: a five-year experience.

Objective: Temporary vesicostomy is a urinary diversion procedure for patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) dilatation, secondary to bladder outlet obstruction or dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in children undergoing such diversion, analyzing its efficacy to prevent urinary tract infection (UTI), improve or resolve hydronephrosis, stabilize or improve kidney function and restore the health of UUT.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who had vesicostomy by Blocksom technique due to bladder outlet obstruction or dysfunction were evaluated in Mofid Children's Hospital (in Tehran) from March 2007 to March 2012.

Postoperative intussusception in a neonate with congenital cutis laxa and huge hiatal hernia.

Congenital cutis laxa is a genetically heterogeneous condition presenting in the newborn with loose, redundant skin folds, decreased elasticity of the skin, and general connective tissue involvement. A 2-day-old full term neonate with congenital cutis laxa presented with respiratory distress. Investigations revealed huge hiatal hernia.

Ileocecal patch -low rectal anastomosis in total colectomy: New idea for the prevention of fecal incontinence.

Background: Total colectomy is used in children with total colonic aganglionosis, Ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The purpose of this study was to maintain ileocecal valve and rectal-sparing surgery for the prevention of fecal incontinence in these children.

Methods: From1990 to 2011, 14 children with diagnosis of UC, FAP and Hirschsprung's disease were operated.

State's pull-through for total colonic aganglionosis and GI dismotility.

Background: Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is present in 4% - 5% of the patients with Hirschsprung's disease and has a high surgical mortality rate between 13% - 23%. Diagnosis and treatment of TCA is still a major challenge for pediatric surgeons. Many techniques with several advantages and disadvantages were established for its treatment.

Can We Rely on Frozen Sections of a Rectal Biopsy for One-stage Trans-anal Pull-through Operation in Hirschsprung's Disease?

Objective: Successful results after one-stage trans-anal pull-through (OSTAPT) operation for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) depend on accurate identification of the aganglionic segment in intra-operative frozen section (FS). Misinterpretation of the findings of the rectal biopsy is an anxiety-evoking pitfall for the surgeon. This study aims to describe our experiences in comparing results of FS and permanent Section (PS) rectal biopsies in children with HD who were candidates for OSTAPT in a single-step operation.

Diphallus with imperforate anus and complete duplication of recto-sigmoid colon and lower urinary tract.

Background: Diphallus is a rare anomaly and accompanying anomalies vary from bifid scrotum, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus and colo-rectal anomaly such as duplication, and other associated anomalies.

Case Presentation: A 2-day old infant is reported with imperforate anus and complete duplication of recto-sigmoid colon, rectal pouch, doubling of the genitalia with completely formed penis (diphallus), double bladder, urethra and hypospadias. No family history of abnormalities was noted.