[The peculiarities of esophageal epithelium of the vertebrates in phylogenesis and Barrett's esophagus].

The esophageal epithelium of vertebrates was studied in phylogenetic aspect and in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). The comparative investigation was undertaken to detect phylogenetic recapitulations in the course of BE development. The complex of histochemical methods for selective demonstration of mucins and proteins was used.

[Gastrointestinal protective barrier].

Current views on the protective function of the gastrointestinal barrier are based on the capacity of its surface and glandular epitheliocytes to synthesize the mucins. The most significant types of gel-forming mucins are MUC 5AC, MUC 5B, MUC 6 and MUC 2. The type of the mucin is cell-specific and is determined by the character of cell phenotype.

[A new method for microdrainage using a porous titanium nickelide endoprosthesis in resurgery of uncompensated glaucoma].

Experimental (23 rabbits) and clinical (42 patients with operated glaucoma) studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a titanium nickelide implant on ocular tissue in modified deep sclerectomy in order to normalize intraocular pressure. Scleral morphological studies in the area of implant placement revealed the formation of a capsule with "fissures" and vessels. Clinically, there was intraocular pressure compensation in 92.

[The dynamic cytochemical properties of the protective barrier of the stomach during dalargin administration].

Dalargin influence on secretory elements of the stomach protective barrier was studied. Dynamics of the stomach barrier histochemical properties dependent on the term of dalargin introduction (1-11 days) was demonstrated. General effect of dalargin displays in alteration of glycoprotein synthesis speed by fundal glands and tegmental epitheliocytes and for mucocytes its influence may be followed up in changes of chemical composition of glycoproteins secreted by them.

[The cytochemical properties of the protective barrier of the duodenum in carnivorous animals in ontogeny].

Studying the duodenal ontogenesis by means of morphometric and histochemical methods demonstrated that protective barrier of the organ is formed in the embryonic period and may be characterized by chemical composition of its secretion as a resistant barrier, formed by neutral and acid glycoproteins.

[The protein component of the epitheliocyte biopolymers in the small intestine after experimental vagotomy].

A histochemical investigation of biopolymers of the small intestine epitheliocytes after experimental vagotomy has shown that at early stages of the neurodystrophic process the most pronounced changes are noted in the distribution of amino acid residues of the proteins in the cytoplasm of epitheliocytes and in the composition of the glycoprotein secretion of goblet exocrinocytes. The undulatory changes might be accounted for by activation of the function of cholinergic nerve fibers coming via the sympathetic nerves against the background of vagus denervation. The changes in protein-containing biopolymers suggest deep disturbances in conditions of denervation.

[The morphofunctional characteristics of the duodenal mucosa in patients with a duodenal ulcer at different phases of the disease].

Endoscopic, morphological, histochemical and biophysical properties of the duodenal mucosa as well as secretory activity of the stomach and pancreas were studied and compared in 398 patients with duodenal ulcer in different phases (active ulcer, healing ulcer, red and white scars). Sixteen patients were observed over time. Analogous studies were conducted in 88 patients with chronic diseases of the biliary and duodenopancreatic zone (with non-ulcerous duodenitis) and in 32 normal persons.

[Morphobiophysical features of the duodenal mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcers].

Chronic duodenitis in patients with duodenal ulcer is characterized by substantial morphofunctional changes in the mucosa, decreased transmural potential difference and definite patterns of carbohydrate-containing biopolymer production, the initial changes being manifested as neutral glycoprotein hypersecretion with their subsequent diminished synthesis rates, followed by a more pronounced drop of sialo- and sulfoglycoprotein levels. A correlation was found between the severity of duodenitis, morphometric and histochemical parameters, and gastric pepsin secretion rates (hypersecretion). It is suggested that these changes are etiopathogenetically common.

[Histochemical features of the formation of the protective barrier of the stomach in various periods of ontogenesis of mammals].

By means of a complex of histochemical methods it has been demonstrated that cytochemical differentiation of the tegmental epitheliocytes and secretory cells of the fundal glands takes place in different time. In Carnivores the tegmental epitheliocytes complete their cytochemical differentiation during the prenatal period, mucocytes--to the time of birth, and chief exocrinocytes--to the period of mixed feeding. In phytophagous animals formation of the protective barrier in the stomach occurs differently: in the mouse and hamster the cytochemical differentiation of the tegmental and glandular epitheliocytes is completed during the prenatal period, and in the rabbit and guinea pig--only by the 30th day after birth.

[Histochemical characteristics of the epitheliocytes of the avian glandular stomach].

A complex histochemical investigation has been undertaken to study the epithelial lining of the glandular stomach in birds having various types of nutrition. The protective barrier of the avian stomach has been found to be characterized as a resistant (mucosal) barrier, with neutral glycoproteins, sialo- and sulphoglycoproteins as its components. Differences in histochemical properties of the epitheliocyte secretion have been described in birds with different types of nutrition.

[Comparative histochemical characteristics of the secretion of superficial gastric epitheliocytes].

Comparative histological investigation of the gastric pavement epitheliocytes in a number of species (amphibia, reptile, birds, mammals, man including) has demonstrated that in amphibia, protective function of the stomach is connected with the presence of a certain neutral carbohydrate component in its secrete. In reptiles, the barrier function is performed by the neutral carbohydrate component and sialosaccharides, in birds, besides the carbohydrates mentioned, sulphosaccharides, as well. Histochemical properties of the mammal stomach as a barrier are determined by phylogenetically dependent peculiarities of food specialization.

[Histochemical study of the digestive organs of rats on board for the space flight of the satellite "Cosmos-690"].

The digestive organs of rats exposed to a combined effect of space flight factors and irradiation were examined. The surface and foveal epithelium of the stomach as well as mucocytes of the fundal glands showed a drastically reduced content of the neutral carbohydrate component. The foveal epithelium and mucocytes of fundal necks also exhibited a significant decrease of the sulfomucin content.

[Histochemical characteristics of the secretory cells of gastric glands compared].

The work is dedicated to complex histological studies of the secreting cells in the gastric fundal glands, in their comparative aspect. In the representatives of Amphibia, Reptilians and birds, histochemical differentiation of oxyntopeptic cells was demonstrated to be independent on the peculiarities of the animal nutrition. In mammals, histochemical characteristic of the carbohydrate component in the glandular secreting cells depends on the type of nutrition.

[Histochemical aspects of the phylohistogenetic recapitulation of the epidermis].

Epidermis of human embryos and fetuses obtained at abortion and at premature delivery was studied, as well as cell carcinoma of the skin in the biopsies of cheek, external ear and lip. PAS-reaction, treatment with diastase and phenyl hydrosine, staining with alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.

[Histochemical study of the digestive organs of rats after a flight on "Kosmos-605"].

The histochemical study of the stomach, small and large intestines and pancreas of rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-605 as well as of synchronous and vivarium controls demonstrated a significant decline in the mucine producing capacity of epithelial cells of the stomach of the flight rats on the R + 1 day. The study showed an increased content of sialo- and sulphosaccharides in goblet cells of cryptae of large intestine and a reduced content of free cation protein in the acinar cells of the pancreas of flight rats. The changes were transient and disappeared by the R + 26 day.

[Histochemical characteristics of the epithelial secretions of the avian muscular stomach].

The work was devoted to a histochemical studying of the covering lamina and other epithelial secretions of the avian muscular stomach. It has been shown that in its histochemical properties the secreted mucin is similar to mucous secretions of the enterodermal lining of the mammalian stomach and contains neutral polysaccharides, sulfo- and slilosaccharides. The protein component is represented by aminoacid residues of lysin, cystine, cystein.

[Free cation protein secreted by gastric epithelium as an ingredient of the alkaline component of gastric juice].

The results of the study suggest that the secrete of the gastric lining epithelium of man and dog contains a free cation protein which is a macromolecular ingredient of the alkaline component of gastric juice. Under conditions of increasing and persisting hypersecretion of the acid, first the surface and then the pit epithelium increasingly secrete cation protein, and in the gastric juice an increased content of the alkaline component is detected. Subsequently, with persisting hypersecretion, the synthesizing capacity of the epithelial cells is exhausted and this is accompanied by a deficiency of the alkaline component in gastric juice.

[Comparison of the histochemical bases of epidermis differentiation in vertebrates].

It was been shown that in the line of forms of amphibia, reptiles, mammals, including man, the histochemical differentiation of the epidermis is related with changes in protective and transitory zones. For instance, in amphibia the accomodation to the terranian medium is accompanied by establishment of the vertical histochemical gradient in the epidermis which is manifested by accumulation of a protein rich in cationic and sulfhydril groups in the protective zone. The epidermis of reptiles is characterized by presence of high concentrations of a protein rich in cystine in the protective zone.