Persistent Social Inequality in Adolescent Health Indicators 1991-2022: Trend Study From Denmark.

Objectives: To examine trends in socioeconomic inequality in adolescent health over three decades, across fifteen health indicators: overweight, underweight, headache, stomachache, backpain, emotional symptoms, difficulties falling asleep, loneliness, low life satisfaction, low self-rated heath, smoking, drunkenness, physical inactivity, low vegetable intake, and inadequate toothbrushing.

Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Denmark included nine identical surveys of 11-15-year-olds from 1991 to 2022, n = 35,423. For each health indicator, we measured absolute and relative socioeconomic inequality by prevalence differences and odds ratios between low and high socioeconomic groups.

Bullying at School, Cyberbullying, and Loneliness: National Representative Study of Adolescents in Denmark.

Aims: The aim was to examine how loneliness was associated with bullying victimization at school and online.

Methods: We used data from the Danish arm of the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2022. The study population was a nationally representative sample of 11-15-year-olds who completed the internationally standardized HBSC questionnaire at school, = 5382.

Underweight among adolescents in Denmark: prevalence, trends (1998-2018), and association of underweight with socioeconomic status.

Background: Underweight among adolescents is an important clinical and public health issue. It is associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life-span and may reflect food poverty, unhealthy eating habits, or some underlying health conditions.

Objective: To study prevalence and trends in underweight among adolescents 1998-2018, to examine social inequality in underweight, and whether social inequality changed over time.

Chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark: trends 1991-2018 and association with socioeconomic status.

Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence is high, above 10%, and more than 10% of all adolescents experience impacts on important day-to-day activities. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES), and whether this association changed over time.

Assessing Differences in the Implementation of Smoke-Free Contracts-A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the School Randomized Controlled Trial X:IT.

Objective: The X:IT study is a school-based smoking preventive intervention that has previously been evaluated in a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) with good effects. However, the actual effect for participating students depends on the individual implementation. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of smoke-free contract, which is one of the three main intervention components.

Recurrent abdominal pain among adolescents: trends and social inequality 1991-2018.

Objectives: The association between socioeconomic status and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) among adolescents is an understudied issue. No study has examined whether such an association changes over time. The aim was to examine trends in RAP among adolescents in Denmark from 1991 to 2018, to examine whether there was social inequality in RAP and whether this inequality varied over time.

Trends in social inequality in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Denmark 1998-2018.

Objectives: The aim was to analyze trends in overweight and obesity in relation to socioeconomic position among Danish adolescents in the 20-year period 1998-2018.

Methods: The study used data on self-reported height and weight and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from 11-, 13- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, n = 22,177. The analyses included absolute social inequality in overweight/obesity (prevalence difference between low and high OSC) and relative social inequality (OR for overweight/obesity).

Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks among adolescents: Trends and social inequality in Denmark 2002-2018.

Background: Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) has decreased among adolescents, but trends in social inequality in SSSD intake are unknown.

Aim: Examine trends in social inequality in SSSD intake among adolescents in Denmark during 2002-2018.

Methods: Five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys with data on SSSD intake and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from nationally representative samples of 11, 13 and 15 year olds, =20,112.

Difficulties falling asleep among adolescents: Social inequality and time trends 1991-2018.

Sleep problems in adolescence are increasingly common, and associated with adverse health and psychological outcomes. Adolescents' sleep problems may be related to the family's socioeconomic status, but studies are few and no study has examined whether social inequality in sleep problems changes as sleep problems become increasingly common. This study examined trends in difficulties falling asleep among adolescents in Denmark, whether this sleep problem was associated with socioeconomic status, and whether this association changed from 1991 to 2018.

Trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes 1991-2014.

To examine trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes between 1991-2014, using occupational social class as indicator of socioeconomic status. : The study included 15-year-olds participating in seven Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studies between 1991-2014, = 8,641. The analyses focused on absolute socioeconomic differences (prevalence difference between low and high occupational social class) and relative socioeconomic differences communicated by odds ratio for daily smoking.

Short report: persistent social inequality in poor self-rated health among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014.

The aim was to examine trends in social inequality in poor self-rated health (SRH) among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014. The analysis included 18 996 11-15-year-old school children from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studies in 1991, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. Across the five surveys, the prevalence of poor SRH was 14.

Brief Report: Trends in Social Inequality in Drunkenness Among Danish Adolescents, 1991-2014.

Objective: This study examined whether social inequality in frequent drunkenness among Danish adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014.

Method: We used data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which provided nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from seven comparable cross-sectional studies in Denmark (N = 8,655). The students provided data about frequency of drunkenness and parents' occupation.

Measurement of alienation among adolescents: construct validity of three scales on powerlessness, meaninglessness and social isolation.

Background: Psychological alienation is an important concept in the study of adolescents' health and behavior but no gold standard for measuring alienation among adolescents exists. There is a need for new scales with high validity for use in adolescent health and social research. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate alienation scales in accordance with Seeman's conceptualization of alienation focusing on three independent variants specifically relevant in adolescent health research: powerlessness, meaninglessness and social isolation.

High impact of implementation on school-based smoking prevention: the X:IT study-a cluster-randomized smoking prevention trial.

Background: Implementation fidelity describes how well an intervention is implemented in the real-world setting. Assessing implementation fidelity is essential in the understanding of intervention results. In most studies, implementation fidelity is measured insufficiently, though, not taking into account the complexity of the concept nor the intervention.

Breakfast frequency among adolescents: associations with measures of family functioning.

Objective: To investigate (i) associations between adolescents' frequency of breakfast and family functioning (close relations to parents, quality of family communication and family support) and (ii) if any observed associations between breakfast frequency and family functioning vary by sociodemographic factors.

Design: School-based cross-sectional study. Students completed a web-based questionnaire.

Loneliness and Ethnic Composition of the School Class: A Nationally Random Sample of Adolescents.

Loneliness is a public health concern that increases the risk for several health, behavioral and academic problems among adolescents. Some studies have suggested that adolescents with an ethnic minority background have a higher risk for loneliness than adolescents from the majority population. The increasing numbers of migrant youth around the world mean growing numbers of heterogeneous school environments in many countries.

Trends in Social Inequality in Tooth Brushing among Adolescents: 1991-2014.

This study examines whether social inequality in tooth brushing frequency among adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014. The data material was seven comparable cross-sectional studies of nationally representative samples of 11- to 15-year-olds in Denmark with data about frequency of tooth brushing and occupation of parents. The total number of participants was 31,464, of whom 21.

Trends in overweight prevalence among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in 25 countries in Europe, Canada and USA from 2002 to 2010.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess recent changes in the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in 33 countries from 2002 to 2010.

Methods: Data from 25 countries from three consecutive survey cycles (2002, 2006 and 2010) that had at least 80% response rate for self-reported height, weight and age were analysed using logistic regression analysis.

Results: Overweight prevalence increased among boys in 13 countries and among girls in 12 countries; in 10 countries, predominantly in Eastern Europe, an increase was observed for both boys and girls.

Socioeconomic differences in emotional symptoms among adolescents in the Nordic countries: recommendations on how to present inequality.

Aims: This comparative study examines absolute and relative socioeconomic differences in emotional symptoms among adolescents using standardised data from five Nordic countries and gives recommendations on how to present socioeconomic inequality.

Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international cross-sectional study from 2005/2006 provided data on 29,642 11-15-year-old adolescents from nationally random samples in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The outcome was daily emotional symptoms.

Close relations to parents and emotional symptoms among adolescents: beyond socio-economic impact?

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between trustful communication with parents and frequency of emotional symptoms in schoolchildren and whether this relationship was modified by the family's socio-economic position.

Methods: Pooled data (n = 15,646) from the Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys 2002, 2006 and 2010 were analysed by multilevel multivariable logistic regression.

Results: 8 % of all schoolchildren reported emotional symptoms almost daily.

Adolescent alcohol use: a reflection of national drinking patterns and policy?

Aims: To analyse how adolescent drunkenness and frequency of drinking were associated with adult drinking patterns and alcohol control policies.

Design, Setting And Participants: Cross-sectional survey data on 13- and 15-year-olds in 37 countries who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study in 2010 (n = 144 788) were linked to national-level indicators on alcohol control policies and adult drinking patterns.

Measurements: Outcome measures were self-reported weekly drinking and life-time drunkenness (drunk once or more).

Validity of self-reported height and weight among adolescents: the importance of reporting capability.

Background: This study proposes a new approach for investigating bias in self-reported data on height and weight among adolescents by studying the relevance of participants' self-reported response capability. The objectives were 1) to estimate the prevalence of students with high and low self-reported response capability for weight and height in a self-administrated questionnaire survey among 11-15 year old Danish adolescents, 2) to estimate the proportion of missing values on self-reported height and weight in relation to capability for reporting height and weight, and 3) to investigate the extent to which adolescents' response capability is of importance for the accuracy and precision of self-reported height and weight. Also, the study investigated the impact of students' response capability on estimating prevalence rates of overweight.

Do eating behaviors in the general population account for country variance in glycemic control among adolescents with diabetes: the Hvidoere Study Group and the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study.

Background: The Hvidoere Study Group (HSG) has demonstrated major differences in glycemic control between pediatric diabetes centers which remain largely unexplained. This study investigates whether these differences are partly attributable to healthy eating norms in the background population.

Methods: The study involved adolescents from 18 countries from (i) the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study (HBSC) and (ii) the HSG.

Adolescent alcohol use reflects community-level alcohol consumption irrespective of parental drinking.

Purpose: Risk factors for adolescent alcohol use are typically conceptualized at the individual level, and school- and community-level risk factors have received little attention. Based on the theoretical understanding of youth alcohol consumption as a reflection of community social practice, we analyzed whether adolescent drunkenness was related to community-level adult alcohol use (AAC), when taking individual and school-level risk factors for drunkenness into account. Furthermore, we investigated whether the association between community-level AAC and adolescent drunkenness was attenuated after inclusion of parental drinking.

Postthrombotic syndrome and quality of life in patients with iliofemoral venous thrombosis treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Background: Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a common complication after iliofemoral venous thrombosis, often resulting in poor quality of life (QOL) among the affected patients. This study assessed development of PTS and its effect on QOL among patients treated for iliofemoral venous thrombosis by catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Methods: Patients admitted with an iliofemoral venous thrombosis and treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis at Gentofte University Hospital from 1999 to 2008 were invited to participate.