Clinical and radiographic changes at tissue level implants with either a machined or a modified transmucosal neck surface: A 3-year multicentre randomized controlled proof-of-concept study.

Background: Surface modification may yield enhanced soft tissue adhesion to transmucosal titanium implant necks.

Aim: To evaluate and compare changes in soft tissues around implants with a modified hydrophilic sandblasted and acid-etched neck (mSLA; test) to those with a machined neck (M; control).

Materials And Methods: Implants with a diameter of 4.

Subgingival air-polishing with erythritol during periodontal maintenance: randomized clinical trial of twelve months.

Objectives: To evaluate repeated subgingival air-polishing in residual pockets with a new erythritol powder containing 0.3% chlorhexidine.

Material And Methods: Single-centre, examiner masked, randomized clinical trial of 12 months with a two-arm, within-subject parallel design.

Subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, patient acceptance, and short-term microbiologic effect of a new air-polishing device in subjects in maintenance care with residual pockets > or =5 mm.

Methods: This was an examiner-masked, randomized, split-mouth clinical trial. A new disposable nozzle, allowing the subgingival application of amino acid glycine powder at a limited pressure, was compared to scaling and root planing (SRP) in 50 subjects with residual pockets during the maintenance phase.

[Subgingival air-polishing: new perspectives for periodontal maintenance?].

After completion of comprehensive periodontal therapy, the main objective is to maintain gingival tissues in a clinically healthy state. Traditional methods like curettes and ultrasonic devices used during maintenance are responsible of irreversible hard tissue damages ensuing from repeated mechanical scraping of tooth surfaces. A new approach to clean root surfaces without inducing these damages may be the air-polishing technology.

Transient foramen ovale incompetence in the normal newborn: an echocardiographic study.

Unlabelled: To assess presence, predominant direction and natural history of interatrial shunt flow in the normal newborn period an uncontrolled pilot study was performed. Twenty term ( > 36 completed weeks gestational age) newborns were studied using cross sectional, M-mode and colour Doppler echocardiography; cardiac, pulmonary or renal disease were excluded before entry to the study. In 11 of 20 normal term newborns a predominant left to right interatrial shunt was detected on the 1st day after birth.

Ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta in trisomy-18.

In a child with trisomy-18 prenatal echocardiography demonstrated the presence of a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta. In a previous anatomical study of 18 hearts with this malformation we found a 50% concurrence rate with trisomy-18. In case of prenatal echocardiographic detection of a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, we advise thorough ultrasound examination for additional malformations as seen in trisomy-18; subsequently this procedure should be completed by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells.

Anatomic characteristics of ventricular septal defect associated with coarctation of the aorta.

The morphologic characteristics of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left ventricular outflow tract were studied in 45 hearts with VSD and coarctation of the aorta (C of A). Forty-one VSDs were classified into 1 of 4 categories. The first category includes 19 central muscular VSDs (43%), among which 3 hearts had the architecture of a spontaneously closed defect.

Unclassified familial cardiomyopathy with ventricular dysrhythmia.

The case is described of a boy with some right ventricular dysplasia and episodes of ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block pattern who had symptoms from the age of 1 month. Angiography and cardiac biopsy demonstrated major involvement of the left ventricular myocardium. A sister of the patient presented at the age of 2 months with predominantly left ventricular cardiomyopathy; clinical signs and angiography suggested the presence of right ventricular dysplasia as well.

Ventricular septal defect with normally connected and with transposed great arteries.

The morphologic characteristics of 50 hearts with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ventriculoarterial (VA) discordance were compared with those of 105 hearts with VSD and VA concordance. Of the 7 VSD types in VA concordant hearts, the 3 that occur most frequently--central muscular (26%), perimembranous with leftward malalignment of the outlet septum (18%) and perimembranous with overriding posterior artery (15%)--were absent in VA discordant hearts. Of the 6 with VA discordance, 2 principal VSD types (perimembranous with rightward outlet septum malalignment [25%] and muscular infundibular with leftward outlet septum malalignment [15%]) did not occur in VA concordant specimens.

Abnormal architecture of the ventricles in hearts with an overriding aortic valve and a perimembranous ventricular septal defect ("Eisenmenger VSD").

Among 111 hearts with so-called "isolated" ventricular septal defect, 18 specimens were found to have a subaortic perimembranous defect with an overriding aortic valve but without pulmonary stenosis. The ventricular architecture was characterized by several abnormalities. A constant finding was the wide right ventricular outflow tract.

Morphology of ventricular septal defect in complete transposition of the great arteries.

The morphologic characteristics of ventricular septal defect (VSD) was studied in 50 hearts with complete transposition of the great arteries. Except for 1 membranous and 1 subarterial defect, all VSDs could be classified into 1 of 4 categories. Group A included 14 specimens with a perimembranous defect extending into inlet and trabecular septum with rightward malalignment of the outlet septum; in this group aortic arch anomalies (6 hearts) and tricuspid valve abnormalities (7 hearts) were frequently present.

Transposition of the great arteries and narrowing of the aortic arch. Emphasis on right ventricular characteristics.

Of 279 patients with transposition of the great arteries, 14(5%) had narrowing of the aorta, including local coarctation (6), isthmus hypoplasia (6), isthmus atresia (1), and kinking of the aorta (1). There were six deaths in 10 surgically treated patients; in addition four patients died before operation. Two of the four survivors had a subpulmonary malalignment ventricular septal defect with angiocardiographic narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract, two had evidence of redundant muscle tissue obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract.

Anatomic obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in transposition of the great arteries.

In 126 hearts with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), morphologic features of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract were analyzed. Distinct anatomic outflow tract obstruction was found in 15 of the 55 hearts with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) (27%): 12 had a perimembranous defect (predominantly extending into the infundibulum), 2 had an inlet, and 1 had an infundibular defect. In 12 hearts, outflow tract obstruction was caused by anterior displacement of infundibular septum and ventriculoinfundibular fold; in 3 hearts, it was caused by bulging of the trabecula septomarginalis or ventriculoinfundibular fold, or both.

Congenital mitral valve anomalies in transposition of the great arteries.

In 165 hearts in transposition of the great arteries, including 16 with a ventricular septal defect and overriding pulmonary trunk and 5 with a so-called posterior transposition, the left ventricle was studied with emphasis on the morphology of the mitral valve. Distinct mitral valve anomalies were found in 36 cases (22 percent), and four categories of anomalies could be identified. Group A included 16 specimens with a cleft anterior mitral valve leaflet.

The concurrence of dimensional aortic arch anomalies and abnormal left ventricular muscle bundles.

This anatomical study was designed to evaluate the concept that reduced blood flow through the embryonic preductal aorta contributes to the pathogenesis of dimensional aortic arch anomalies. For that purpose the intracardiac anatomy of 151 specimens was examined, of which 22 had an interruption, five atresia, 76 tubular hypoplasia, and 48 local coarctation of the aortic arch. Associated malformations were found in 148 specimens (98%); the remaining three (2%) had isolated local coarctation.

Relation between aortic arch hypoplasia of variable severity and central muscular ventricular septal defects: emphasis on associated left ventricular abnormalities.

Among 25 heart specimens with a central muscular ventricular septal defect (including 3 with the architecture of a spontaneously closed defect), only 6 (24 percent) had an aortic arch of normal size and configuration. Isthmus atresia was present in one case, isthmus hypoplasia in eight cases, local coarctation in six and a combination of isthmus hypoplasia and local coarctation in another four. A study of the left ventricular morphologic features of the 25 hearts revealed the presence of a spectrum of additional anomalies.

Continuous stroke volume and cardiac output from intra-ventricular dimensions obtained with impedance catheter.

To improve assessment of ventricular function during cardiac catheterisation there should be available a continuous registration of stroke volume and cardiac output in addition to ventricular pressure. To obtain the desired volumetric quantities a catheter has been developed which measures changes in intraventricular dimensions by electrical impedance. For this purpose, the catheter is equipped with eight electrodes spaced over a distance equal to the long axis of the left ventricle into which it is introduced.

Echocardiographic diagnosis of an aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum.

A patient with a small ventricular septal defect complicated by an aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum is reported. The aneurysm was diagnosed by left ventricular angiocardiography and, non-invasively, by echocardiography. The clinical significance of the anomaly is discussed in relation to the pertinent literature.

Ventricular rhythm obscuring the diagnosis of ostium primum atrial septum defect.

A 13 year old boy with an ostium primum atrial septal defect associated with alternating periods of sinus rhythm and ventricular rhythm is presented. Absence of auscultatory and phonocardiographic signs of an atrial septal defect made it impossible to diagnose the defect correctly during periods of ventricular rhythm.

Value of systolic time intervals in assessing severity of congenital aortic stenosis in children.

Simultaneous recordings have been made of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing, left ventricular pressure, and aortic pressure in 27 children with aortic valve stenosis and 3 children with membranous subaortic stenosis. Peak systolic pressure difference ranged from 10 to 110 mmHg (1.3 to 14.