Extracellular Vesicles from Suppress MHC-Related Molecules in Human Lung Macrophages.

, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the most common pathogens colonizing the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain LPS and other virulence factors that modulate the host's innate immune response, leading to an increased local proinflammatory response and reduced pathogen clearance, resulting in chronic infection and ultimately poor patient outcomes. Lung macrophages are the first line of defense in the airway innate immune response to pathogens.

Pre-Analytical Handling Conditions and Small RNA Recovery from Urine for miRNA Profiling.

There are currently no standardized protocols for pre-analytical handling of urine to best preserve small RNA for miRNA profiling studies. miRNA is an attractive candidate as a potential biomarker because of the high level of stability in body fluids and its ability to be quantified on multiple high-throughput platforms. We present a comparison of small RNA recovery and stability in urine under alternate pre-analytical handling conditions and extend recommendations on what conditions optimize yield of miRNA from cell-free urine and urine extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Effect of adenovirus infection on transgene expression under the adenoviral MLP/TPL and the CMVie promoter/enhancer in CHO cells.

The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) and its translational regulator - the tripartite leader (TPL) sequence - can actively drive efficient gene expression during adenoviral infection. However, both elements have not been widely tested in transgene expression outside of the adenovirus genome context. In this study, we tested whether the combination of MLP and TPL would enhance transgene expression beyond that of the most widely used promoter in transgene expression in mammalian cells, the cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMVie) promoter/enhancer.