A new population for primary prevention of retinal diseases; a step toward improved global eye health beyond diabetes and prediabetes.

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A case report of diabetic ketoacidosis due to endocarditis of the mitral valve.

In the context of diabetic ketoacidosis, clinicians should consider uncommon origins of infection, notably infective endocarditis. This is especially crucial when confronted with cases that recur persistently or exhibit resistance to treatment. This is a case of a diabetic patient with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to our facility.

Propofol-induced hippocampal Neurotoxicity: A mitochondrial perspective.

Propofol is a frequently used anesthetic. It can induce neurodegeneration and inhibit neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This effect may be temporary.

Environmental exposures to cadmium and lead as potential causes of eye diseases.

Humans are exposed to cadmium and lead in various regions of the world daily due to industrial development and climate change. Increasing numbers of preclinical and clinical studies indicate that heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, play a role in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. Excessive exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can increase the risk of impaired vision.

The retina-brain axis and diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major contributor to permanent vision loss and blindness. Changes in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature have been the focus of intensive study in the quest to better understand DR. However, the impact of diabetes on the rest of the visual system has received less attention.

Retinal Neurodegeneration in Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia, Prediabetes, and Diabetes.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a challenging public health problem mainly because of its growing prevalence and risk of blindness. In general, our current knowledge and practice have failed to prevent the onset or progression of DR to sight-threatening complications. While there are treatment options for sight-threatening complications of DR, it is crucial to pay more attention to the early stages of DR to decrease its prevalence.

Monoclonal antibodies in diabetic retinopathy.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the main complications of diabetes, is among the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment worldwide.

Areas Covered: Current clinical therapies include photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibiting angiogenesis.