Understanding Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Non-urgent Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Scoping Review.

Context: The pediatric emergency department (PED) is increasingly being used for non-urgent reasons. This impacts PED input and throughput, and contributes to overcrowding. To identify solutions, it is essential to identify and describe the approaches that have been trialed.

"Before medically advised" hospital discharge and the risk of subsequent drug overdose: A case-crossover analysis.

Background: Patient-initiated or "before medically advised" (BMA) hospital discharge is more common among people who use drugs. Transitions of care can be destabilizing and might increase the risk of subsequent illicit drug overdose.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate whether BMA discharge is associated with an increased risk of subsequent drug overdose (primary objective) and whether physician-advised discharge is associated with an increased risk of subsequent drug overdose (secondary objective).

"Before medically advised" departure from hospital and subsequent drug overdose: a population-based cohort study.

Background: A substantial number of hospital admissions end in patient-initiated departure before medical treatment is complete. Whether "before medically advised" (BMA) discharge increases the risk of subsequent drug overdose remains uncertain.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative health data from a 20% random sample of residents of British Columbia, Canada.

Using quality improvement approaches to increase emergency department provider engagement in research participant enrollment during COVID-19 and opioid overdose public health emergencies.

Purpose: We utilized quality improvement (QI) approaches to increase emergency department (ED) provider engagement with research participant enrollment during the opioid crisis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The context of this work is the Evaluating Microdosing in the Emergency Department (EMED) study, a randomized trial offering buprenorphine/naloxone to ED patients through randomization to standard or microdosing induction. Engaging providers is crucial for participant recruitment to our study.

Physiologic oxygen responses to smoking opioids: an observational study using continuous pulse oximetry at overdose prevention services in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: In British Columbia, Canada, smoking is the most common modality of drug use among people who die of opioid toxicity. We aimed to assess oxygen saturation (SpO) while people smoked opioids during a pilot study that introduced continuous pulse oximetry at overdose prevention services (OPS) sites.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study, using a participatory design.

Screening for harmful substance use in emergency departments: a systematic review.

Background: Substance use-related emergency department (ED) visits have increased substantially in North America. Screening for substance use in EDs is recommended; best approaches are unclear. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on diagnostic accuracy of ED screening tools to detect harmful substance use.

Feeling safer: effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of continuous pulse oximetry for people who smoke opioids at overdose prevention services in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Smoking is the most common mode of unregulated opioid consumption overall and implicated in fatal overdoses in British Columbia (BC). In part, perception of decreased risk (e.g.

Bariatric surgery patients in AUD treatment in Norway-an exploratory cross-sectional study.

Aims: Patients who have undergone some forms of bariatric surgery have increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In the present observational study, we compared patients with AUD who themselves reported to having undergone bariatric surgery with other patients in treatment for AUD.

Materials: One-hundred-and-six consecutively enrolled patients in residential treatment for AUD were asked if they had undergone bariatric surgery.

Healthcare provider perspectives on emergency department-initiated buprenorphine/naloxone: a qualitative study.

Background: Take-home buprenorphine/naloxone is an effective method of initiating opioid agonist therapy in the Emergency Department (ED) that requires ED healthcare worker buy-in for large-scale implementation. We aimed to investigate healthcare workers perceptions of ED take-home buprenorphine/naloxone, as well as barriers and facilitators from an ED healthcare worker perspective.

Methods: In the context of a take-home buprenorphine/naloxone feasibility study at a tertiary care teaching hospital we conducted a descriptive qualitative study.

Factors associated with frequent buprenorphine / naloxone initiation in a national survey of Canadian emergency physicians.

Objective: To identify individual and site-related factors associated with frequent emergency department (ED) buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP) initiation. BUP initiation, an effective opioid use disorder (OUD) intervention, varies widely across Canadian EDs.

Methods: We surveyed emergency physicians in 6 Canadian provinces from 2018 to 2019 using bilingual paper and web-based questionnaires.

Evaluation of NTRK expression and fusions in a large cohort of early-stage lung cancer.

Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) are attractive targets for cancer therapy. As TRK-inhibitors are approved for all solid cancers with detectable fusions involving the Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK)-genes, there has been an increased interest in optimizing testing regimes. In this project, we wanted to find the prevalence of NTRK fusions in a cohort of various histopathological types of early-stage lung cancer in Norway and to investigate the association between TRK protein expression and specific histopathological types, including their molecular and epidemiological characteristics.

Counselors' Perceptions of Their Preparedness for Telemental Health Services: A Phenomenological Examination.

Background: To examine counselors' perceptions of their formal preparation for engaging in telemental health (TMH) counseling with the intent of gaining an understanding of their lived experiences.

Materials And Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven seasoned counselors who regularly engage in technology-mediated distance counseling.

Results: The results highlighted themes within two emerging categories: the counselor and training/education.

Patient opinion and acceptance of emergency department buprenorphine/naloxone to-go home initiation packs.

Objectives: Many emergency department (ED) patients with opioid use disorder are candidates for home buprenorphine/naloxone initiation with to-go packs. We studied patient opinions and acceptance of buprenorphine/naloxone to-go packs, and factors associated with their acceptance.

Methods: We identified patients at two urban EDs in British Columbia who met opioid use disorder criteria, were not presently on opioid agonist therapy and not in active withdrawal.

Small molecule inhibitor of tau self-association in a mouse model of tauopathy: A preventive study in P301L tau JNPL3 mice.

Advances in tau biology and the difficulties of amyloid-directed immunotherapeutics have heightened interest in tau as a target for small molecule drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we evaluated OLX-07010, a small molecule inhibitor of tau self-association, for the prevention of tau aggregation. The primary endpoint of the study was statistically significant reduction of insoluble tau aggregates in treated JNPL3 mice compared with Vehicle-control mice.

Association between toxic drug events and encephalopathy in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Encephalopathy can occur from a non-fatal toxic drug event (overdose) which results in a partial or complete loss of oxygen to the brain, or due to long-term substance use issues. It can be categorized as a non-traumatic acquired brain injury or toxic encephalopathy. In the context of the drug toxicity crisis in British Columbia (BC), Canada, measuring the co-occurrence of encephalopathy and drug toxicity is challenging due to lack of standardized screening.

Clinical outcomes following intraoperative pedicle disruption in fibula free flaps.

Objectives: Iatrogenic injury of the fibula free flap pedicle is rare. Postoperative flap survival and reconstructive outcomes following intraoperative pedicle severance are unknown. This study assesses free flap outcomes following accidental severance of the peroneal vessels.

"Evaluation of ROS1 expression and rearrangements in a large cohort of early-stage lung cancer".

Background: ROS1 fusion is an infrequent, but attractive target for therapy in patients with metastatic non- small-cell lung cancer. In studies on mainly late-stage disease, the prevalence of ROS1 fusions is about 1-3%. In early-stage lung cancer ROS1 might also provide a fruitful target for neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy.

Inflammatory cytokines in alcohol use disorder patients are lower in smokers and users of smokeless tobacco.

Background: Smoking and alcohol use often co-occur, and the use of nicotine-containing products is particularly common among persons with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent evidence shows that chronic alcohol use leads to inflammation through increased gut permeability and dysregulated cytokine levels. While cigarette smoking also has detrimental health effects, nicotine has immune dampening effects in some settings.