Assessment of the Research Interests and Perceptions of First-Year Medical Students at 4 Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine.

Context: There are limited data regarding the experiences of and attitudes toward research participation among osteopathic medical students despite rapidly increasing enrollment and expansion of the number of osteopathic medical schools.

Objective: To assess first-year osteopathic medical students' experience with research, their interest in it, their perceptions of its value, and barriers to participation.

Methods: An anonymous, online survey was sent to 868 medical students in the class of 2021 at 4 colleges of osteopathic medicine.

Women in Osteopathic and Allopathic Medical Schools: An Analysis of Applicants, Matriculants, Enrollment, and Chief Academic Officers.

In the 1993-1994 academic year, female enrollment was 34.7% in osteopathic medical schools and 40.2% in allopathic medical schools.

Predominance of serotype V and frequency of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae in Ohio.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the serotype distribution and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of group B Streptococcus from three Ohio regions in comparison to other areas of the United States.

Study Design: Three hundred forty-nine group B Streptococcus isolates from three Ohio hospitals were serotyped specifically, and disk diffusion was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

Results: Serotype V was isolated most frequently (27%); major types Ia, Ib, II, and III had frequencies of 18%, 9%, 11%, and 17%, respectively.

Meconial peritrophic membranes and the fate of midgut bacteria during mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) metamorphosis.

The location of midgut bacteria relative to meconial peritrophic membranes (MPMs) and changes in bacterial numbers during midgut metamorphosis were studied in Anopheles punctipennis (Say), Culex pipiens (L.), and Aedes aegypti (L.) pupae and newly emerged adults.

Bactericidal activity of magainin 2: use of lipopolysaccharide mutants.

Salmonella typhimurium and a series of rough lipopolysaccharide mutants derived from it were used as target bacteria to examine the antimicrobial capacity of magainin 2. Magainin 2 demonstrated a dose-related bactericidal activity against the smooth parent strain and the series of lipopolysaccharide mutants. The lipopolysaccharide mutant series showed an ordered increase in sensitivity to the magainin 2 as the depth of the rough lesion in the lipopolysaccharide increased.

Antimicrobial mechanisms against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract.

The antimicrobial mechanisms of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract and isolated extract fractions against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were examined. Crude granule extract and a fraction containing low-molecular-weight cationic peptides (peak D) reduced the viability of A. calcoaceticus and inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled macromolecule precursors by cells.

Effect of plasmid RP1 on phase changes in inner and outer membranes and lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: a Fourier transform infrared study.

The successful transfer of the resistance plasmid RP1 into the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus resulted in increased resistance of this microorganism to the antibiotics kanamycin and tetracycline. Microorganisms harboring the RP1 plasmid showed altered fatty acid composition in the lipopolysaccharide fraction and increased outer membrane permeability compared to organisms without the plasmid. Thermotropic gel to liquid crystal lipid phase changes were detected in both inner and outer membranes and purified lipopolysaccharide by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Outer membrane permeability of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus mediates susceptibility to rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents.

Growth of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus on specific alkanes altered the outer membrane permeability of the organism, as indicated by a change in sensitivity to the antibiotic actinomycin D. As the carbon length of the alkane energy source decreased, outer membrane permeability and susceptibility to actinomycin D increased. Concomitant with the increase in outer membrane permeability, A.

Plasmid RP1-mediated susceptibility of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus to rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents.

The resistance plasmid RP1 was transferred by conjugation to a plasmidless strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Acquisition and expression of RP1 by A. calcoaceticus HO1-N was associated with an increase in sensitivity to the antimicrobial activity of extracted contents from rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules.

Isolation of cationic peptides from rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents using fast protein liquid chromatography.

Separation of extracted rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granule contents using fast protein liquid chromatography yielded four major protein fractions. These fractions consisted of myeloperoxidase (peak A), neutral protease (peak B), lysozyme (peak C), and low molecular weight, cationic peptides (peak D). This study represents the first noted purification of the cationic peptides of rat PMN granules.

Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes: antimicrobial properties and characterization.

The nonoxidative antibacterial properties of isolated rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents were examined using Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and a series of progressively rough lipopolysaccharide mutants of this strain as target bacteria. The granule extract was most active at 37 degrees C, with a substantial decrease in activity observed at lower temperatures. Deep rough bacterial mutants were killed best within a pH range of 6-8, while killing of mutants with increased lipopolysaccharide content was most efficient at an acid pH of 5.

Effect of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule components on the growth and survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium.

Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 4.0), dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.

Bactericidal activity of granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate (pH 4), dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7), and tested for bactericidal activity. Bactericidal assays consisted of mixing rat granule extract with 1 x 10(3) to 3 x 10(3) bacterial cells per ml at 37 degrees C for 1 h in a medium suited for bacterial growth.

Bactericidal activity in fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: studies with leukocytes from normal individuals.

Sephadex G-100 chromatographic fractions of granule extracts from normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, exhibiting differences from fractions previously obtained from leukemic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, possessed cationic proteins with distinct bactericidal activity against cell wall mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2.

Bactericidal activity of fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: role of bacterial membrane lipid.

Granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate, pH 4. A buffer extract fraction (peak D) obtained by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography demonstrated distinct antimicrobial activity toward Acinetobacte sp.

Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes: putative mediators of pulmonary damage.

Tissue proteolytic enzymes are currently believed to be critical to the pathogenesis of panacinar emphysema. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Polys) have several enzymes including elastase and cathepsin G in their azurophil granules. They have collagenase in their specific granules.

A comparative analysis of human IgM rheumatoid factor degradation by purified elastase and total granule extracts from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A modified digestion system using radiolabeled IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) and unlabeled IgG was used to examine IgM RF digestion by human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase. Upon molecular sieve chromatography, the radioactive fragments coelute with fragments produced by elastase digestion of an IgM protein giving no RF activity. The fragments represent an Fab2-like fragment, an Fab-like fragment, and small peptides.

Bactericidal activity of fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: antagonism of granule cationic proteins by lipopolysaccharide.

Granule extracts from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were prepared with 0.2 M (pH 4.0) acetate.

Bactericidal activity of fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules were extracted with 0.2 M acetate, pH 4.0, and fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography.

Metabolism of the alkane analogue n-dioctyl ether by Acinetobacter species.

Metabolism of n-dioctyl ether by Acinetobacter species HO1-N resulted in formation of 8-n-octoxy-1-octanoic acid and 2-n-octoxy-1-acetic acid. The 16-carbon ether acid was incorporated into the cellular lipids, whereas the 10-carbon ether acid accumulated in the growth medium. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the cellular phospholipids were similar to hexadecane-grown cells.