Maternal Diabetes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants Born Before 29 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born at <29 weeks' gestation and exposed to diabetes in pregnancy with those unexposed.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study using the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network databases. Infants born <29 weeks' gestation and admitted to a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit from 2009 through 2018 who had neurodevelopmental assessments at 18-24 months corrected age were eligible.

Grade 7 school performance of children born preterm: a retrospective Canadian Cohort study.

Importance: Data on the middle school outcomes of preterm children are limited and have methodologic issues.

Objective: To study the association between preterm birth and grade 7 school performance.

Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study of children born in Manitoba, Canada between 1994 and 2006 using their grade 7 school performance data.

Parent-Integrated Interventions to Improve Language Development in Children Born Very Preterm.

Neurodevelopmental challenges in children born very preterm are common and not improving. This study tested the feasibility of using Evidence-based Practice to Improve Quality (EPIQ), a proven quality improvement technique that incorporates scientific evidence to target improving language abilities in very preterm populations in 10 Canadian neonatal follow-up programs. Feasibility was defined as at least 70% of sites completing four intervention cycles and 75% of cycles meeting targeted aims.

Grade 3 school performance among children born preterm: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To study the association between prematurity and grade 3 school performance in a contemporary cohort of children.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Children born between 1999 and 2011 who had their grade 3 school performance data available were eligible.

School Readiness Among Children Born Preterm in Manitoba, Canada.

Importance: Children born preterm may experience learning challenges at school. However, there is a paucity of data on the school readiness of these children as they prepare to begin grade 1.

Objective: To examine the association between prematurity and school readiness in a population-based cohort of children.

From vision to implementation: Building a national undergraduate paediatric curriculum.

Objective: There are many challenges in ensuring medical students learn paediatrics. Medical educators must develop and maintain curricula that meet learners' needs and accreditation requirements. Paediatricians and family physicians, practicing and teaching in busy clinical environments, require Canadian-relevant curricular guidance and resources to teach and assess learners.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants at <29 Weeks of Gestation Born in Canada Between 2009 and 2016.

Objective: To evaluate changes in mortality or significant neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in children born at <29 weeks of gestation in association with national quality improvement initiatives.

Study Design: This longitudinal cohort study included children born at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Canadian neonatal intensive care units between 2009 and 2016. The primary outcome was a composite rate of death or significant NDI (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition score <70, severe cerebral palsy, blindness, or deafness requiring amplification) at 18-24 months corrected age.

Family integrated care: very preterm neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months.

Objective: To examine whether the family integrated care (FICare) programme, a multifaceted approach which enables parents to be engaged as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit, impacts infant neurodevelopment and growth at 18 months' corrected age.

Design/methods: Prospective cohort study of infants born <29 weeks' gestational age (GA) who participated in the FICare cluster randomised control trial (cRCT) and were assessed in the Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network (CNFUN). The primary outcome measure, Cognitive or Language composite score <85 on the Bayley-III, was compared between FICare exposed and routine care children using logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders and employing generalised estimation equations to account for clustering of infants within sites.

Comparison of motor outcomes between preschool children with univentricular and biventricular critical heart disease not diagnosed with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury.

This comparison study of two groups within an inception cohort aimed to compare the frequency of motor impairment between preschool children with univentricular and biventricular critical congenital heart disease (CHD) not diagnosed with cerebral palsy/acquired brain injury, describe and compare their motor profiles and explore predictors of motor impairment in each group.Children with an intellectual quotient <70 or cerebral palsy/acquired brain injury were excluded. Motor skills were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2.

Preterm children with suspected cerebral palsy at 19 months corrected age in the Canadian neonatal follow-up network.

Background: The ability to definitively diagnose cerebral palsy (CP) at 18-24 months is unknown.

Aims: To describe very preterm children who, at 19 months, have suspected CP defined as neither having a definitive diagnosis of CP nor no CP and compare them with children with and without CP.

Study Design And Methods: Longitudinal national cohort study of births <29 weeks' gestation with linked Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network data with 19 month assessments and 3-year questionnaires (Ages and Stages-3 and Health Status Classification System-Preschool).

Self-reported Quality of Life at Middle School Age in Survivors of Very Preterm Birth: Results From the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial.

This study examined the self-reported quality of life in an international cohort of 11-year-old children with birth weights of 500 to 1250 g.

Predictors and outcomes of early post-operative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following infant cardiac surgery.

Background: We aimed to determine predictors of, and outcomes after, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation instituted within 48 h after cardiac surgery (early ECMO) in young infants.

Methods: Patients ≤ 6 weeks old having cardiac surgery from 2003 to 2012 were enrolled prospectively. Patients cannulated pre-operatively, intra-operatively, or ≥ 48 h post-operatively were excluded.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants Born at <29 Weeks of Gestation Admitted to Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units Based on Location of Birth.

Objective: To compare mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes of outborn and inborn preterm infants born at <29 weeks of gestation admitted to Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Study Design: Data were obtained from the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network databases for infants born at <29 weeks of gestation admitted to NICUs from April 2009 to September 2011. Rates of death, severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and overall NDI were compared between outborn and inborn infants at 18-21 months of age, corrected for prematurity.

Academic Performance, Motor Function, and Behavior 11 Years After Neonatal Caffeine Citrate Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: An 11-Year Follow-up of the CAP Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy, and neurodevelopmental disability at 18 months and may improve motor function at 5 years.

Objective: To evaluate whether neonatal caffeine therapy is associated with improved functional outcomes 11 years later.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A follow-up study was conducted at 14 academic hospitals in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom from May 7, 2011, to May 27, 2016, of English- or French-speaking children who had been enrolled in the randomized, placebo-controlled Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial between October 11, 1999, and October 22, 2004.

New Perspective on Impact of Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy on Neurodevelopment/Autism in the Offspring Children - A Systematic Review.

It has been conclusively established that folic acid supplementation prior to and during early pregnancy (up to 12 weeks of gestation) can prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). We hypothesized that folate effects may extend from neuro-structural defects to alterations in neuro-behavioural and emotional skills including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other developmental disorders. The objective of this review was to comprehensively evaluate evidence on the impact of folic acid on neurodevelopment other than NTDs.

Determinants of developmental outcomes in a very preterm Canadian cohort.

Objectives: Identify determinants of neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm children.

Methods: Prospective national cohort study of children born between 2009 and 2011 at <29 weeks gestational age, admitted to one of 28 Canadian neonatal intensive care units and assessed at a Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network site at 21 months corrected age for cerebral palsy (CP), visual, hearing and developmental status using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III). Stepwise regression analyses evaluated the effect of (1) prenatal and neonatal characteristics, (2) admission severity of illness, (3) major neonatal morbidities, (4) neonatal neuroimaging abnormalities, and (5) site on neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) (Bayley-III score < 85, any CP, visual or hearing impairment), significant neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) (Bayley-III < 70, severe CP, blind or hearing aided and sNDI or death.

Gastrostomy Tube Feeding after Neonatal Complex Cardiac Surgery Identifies the Need for Early Developmental Intervention.

Objective: To compare the proportion of developmental delay in early complex cardiac surgery (CCS) survivors with and without gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF). To explore acute care predictors of GTF that might help improve care in CCS survivors.

Study Group: This comparison study of 2 groups within an inception cohort included 334 CCS survivors after cardiopulmonary bypass at ≤6 weeks of age (2005-2012) who did not require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or heart transplantation.

Association Between Intermittent Hypoxemia or Bradycardia and Late Death or Disability in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Importance: Extremely preterm infants may experience intermittent hypoxemia or bradycardia for many weeks after birth. The prognosis of these events is uncertain.

Objective: To determine the association between intermittent hypoxemia or bradycardia and late death or disability.

Clinical Outcome Score Predicts Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome After Infant Heart Surgery.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a clinical outcome score derived from early postoperative events is associated with Bayley-III scores at 18 to 24 months among infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

Methods: Included were infants aged 6 weeks or less who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2009, all of whom were referred for neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18 to 24 months. We excluded children with chromosomal abnormalities.

Predicting severe motor impairment in preterm children at age 5 years.

Objective: To determine whether the ability to predict severe motor impairment at age 5 years improves between birth and 18 months.

Design: Ancillary study of the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial.

Setting And Patients: International cohort of very low birth weight children who were assessed sequentially from birth to 5 years.

Neurocognitive outcomes at kindergarten entry after surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in early infancy.

The objective of this study was to determine neurocognitive outcomes 4.5 years after surgery for TAPVC in infancy and predictors of these outcomes. A cohort having TAPVC repair at age ≤6 weeks between 1998 and 2007 were followed by the Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-up Program at 4.

Reduction in developmental coordination disorder with neonatal caffeine therapy.

Objective: To determine the effect of neonatal caffeine treatment on rates of developmental coordination disorder (DCD).

Study Design: Children in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial were assessed for motor performance (Movement Assessment Battery for Children [MABC]), clinical signs of cerebral palsy, and Full-Scale IQ at 5 years of age by staff who were unaware of the children's treatment group. DCD was defined as MABC<5th percentile in children with a Full-Scale IQ>69 who did not have a diagnosis of cerebral palsy.