Contemporary strategies in glioblastoma therapy: Recent developments and innovations.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most prevailing and aggressive primary brain tumors among adults. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the complex microenvironment of GBM poses significant challenges in its optimal therapy, which are attributed to immune evasion, tumor repopulation by stem cells, and limited drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for GBM treatment, offering biosafety, sustained drug release, enhanced solubility, and improved BBB penetrability.