Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of childhood central nervous system cancers in a large low-middle income country pediatric oncology center: a report on 5051 kids.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. While most cases come from low-middle income countries (LMIC) where their prognosis is worse, few epidemiological studies are conducted in these regions.

Methods: We conducted a registry-based cohort study for childhood CNS tumors at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt (CCHE) over 15 years.

Prognostic factors and outcome of relapsed/progressive pediatric Ewing sarcoma: single-center 10-year experience.

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite more intensive chemotherapy regimens and improved local control therapy, there is still a considerable rate of recurrent/progressive disease.

Methods: A retrospective study of 50 relapsed/progressive ES patients who were treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, during the period from 1st of January 2008 to the end of December 2018, to assess different prognostic variables and disease outcomes.

Identifying fine motor difficulties in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a scoping review.

Purpose: Survival rates for children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased significantly over recent decades, and thus attention shifted toward understanding the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy has side effects that could affect muscle state and diminish motor performance. This scoping review was conducted to map the breadth of evidence for different tools used in fine motor skills assessment, the extent of upper extremity strength, and fine motor performance, highlighting the potential risk factors that may influence these skills.

High-grade glioma in infants and very young children: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Purpose: High-grade gliomas in infants and very young children (less than 3 to 5 years old) pose significant challenges due to the limited scientific literature available and high risks associated with treatments. This study aims to investigate their characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.

Efficacy of dual-task training on stability and function in children with ataxia after medulloblastoma resection: A randomized controlled trial.

Background/objective: In children, medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent posterior fossa tumor. The first line of treatment is maximal safe resection. Therefore, symptoms of ataxia are commonly seen.

Prognostic factors affecting infantile medulloblastoma outcomes in the molecular era: a 12-year single-center experience from Egypt.

To assess the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics (Sonic hedgehog and group 3/4 molecular subtypes expression) and treatment modalities for infantile medulloblastoma in correlation with outcomes. A retrospective study of 86 medulloblastoma patients (≤3 years) was conducted. M0 patients <2.

Ketogenic diet treatment in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in children: Retrospective analysis of feasibility, safety, and survival data.

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most devastating diseases among children with cancer, thus novel strategies are urgently needed.

Aims: We retrospectively evaluated DIPG patients exposed to the carbohydrate restricted ketogenic diet (KD) with regard of feasibility, safety, and overall survival (OS).

Methods And Results: Searches of MEDLINE and Embase identified five hits meeting the search criteria (diagnosis of DIPG and exposure to KD).

F18-FET PET in pediatric brain tumors: integrative analysis of image derived parameters and clinico-pathological data.

Background: F18-FET PET has an established diagnostic role in adult brain gliomas. In this study we analyzed image derived static and dynamic parameters with available conventional MRI, histological, clinical and follow-up data in assessment of pediatric brain tumor patients at different stages of the disease.

Methods: Forty-four pediatric patients with median age 7 years, diagnosed with brain tumors and underwent forty-seven 18F-FET PET scans either initially (20 scans) or post-therapy (27 scans) were enrolled.

Pediatric low grade focal brainstem glioma: outcomes of different treatment strategies and prognostic factors.

This study explores the prognostic factors and outcomes of different treatment modalities in focal brain stem glioma (FBSG). Pediatric FBSG patients diagnosed during 2010-2017 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and therapeutic data. A total of 71 cases were identified and the median age was 6.

Histone H3K27M Mutation Overrides Histological Grading in Pediatric Gliomas.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) are rare aggressive tumors that present a prognostic and therapeutic challenge. Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant is a new entity introduced to HGG in the latest WHO classification. In this study we evaluated the presence of H3K27M mutation in 105 tumor samples histologically classified into low-grade gliomas (LGG) (n = 45), and HGG (n = 60).

Investigating fine motor deficits during maintenance therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objectives: Children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in their early childhood are more susceptible to neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments. This cross-sectional study was designed to address different types of fine motor impairments in Egyptian children diagnosed with ALL.

Methods: Fifty-four children treated for ALL in maintenance phase aged from four to seven years were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group.

Occurrence of high-grade glioma in Noonan syndrome: Report of two cases.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder commonly caused by PTPN11 germline mutations. Patients are characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, facial dysmorphism, and increased risk of malignancies including brain tumors. Commonly associated brain tumors are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and low-grade glioma.

Concurrent and Mutations in Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Case Report.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 ( is a driver gene in several cancers including brain tumors such as low-grade and high-grade gliomas. Mutations of were described in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors and to date have not been associated with the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma. We report concurrent and mutations in a medulloblastoma patient.

High-grade glioma in very young children: a rare and particular patient population.

In the past years, pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) have been the focus of several research articles and reviews, given the recent discoveries on the genetic and molecular levels pointing out a clinico-biological uniqueness of the pediatric population compared to their adult counterparts with HGG. On the other hand, there are only scarce data about HGG in very young children (below 3 years of age at diagnosis) due to their relatively low incidence. However, the few available data suggest further distinction of this very rare subgroup from older children and adults at several levels including their molecular and biological characteristics, their treatment management, as well as their outcome.