Knowledge and Perception Towards Psychotropic Drugs Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Mental health is crucial to overall well-being. Despite an increase in mental disorders over the past few decades, public awareness remains slow-growing, and stigmatization towards psychotropic medications persists. Therefore, this study aimed to identify knowledge and perceptions of psychotropic drugs among the general population in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Genetic and immunological implications in fibromyalgia: A Literature Review.

Fibromyalgia (FM), a musculoskeletal condition characterized by widespread pain and numerous associated symptoms, is a complex disorder with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis. Most of the patients suffering from this syndrome are undiagnosed due to a lack of standard diagnostic criteria. Recent studies have shown the involvement of immune dysfunction and various pro-inflammatory cytokines in FM.

Positive In-111 WBC scan in a patient with ischemic ileocolitis and negative colonoscopies.

Early ischemic bowel disease may be apparent on In-111 WBC scan before endoscopic changes of the mucosa. This may indicate a subacute process. The case in point did have angiographic findings of ileocolitis despite repeated colonoscopy.

Esophageal dysmotility as a serendipitous observation on ventilation-perfusion imaging of the lungs.

Tc-99m DTPA aerosol is often swallowed during inhalation for lung ventilation scans. The authors evaluated a 16-year-old girl with a known history of mixed collagen disorder (positive lupus anticoagulants) for symptoms of cough and acute shortness of breath. Tc-99m DTPA accumulated in the distal esophagus during aerosol inhalation and remained there at the end of the perfusion study, a period of approximately 1 hour.

Nonspecific tissue accumulation of diffusible radionuclide imaging agents in areas of inflammation.

Although many radiopharmaceuticals are "targeted" for specific tissues or organs, they may be incorporated into nonspecific sites to the extent that they are readily diffusible. There may be local hyperemia with "leaky" neovascularity or capillaries and perhaps also diminished lymphatic or venous removal from the affected area. Two cases are reported in which abscesses were visualized serendipitously.

Deep vein thrombosis detection by 99m TC-MDP scanning.

A new observation is reported wherein 99m Tc-MDP is incorporated into recanalizing thrombophlebitis. In one patient with subacute disease, inflammatory vascularity is appreciated during the first one to two minutes after injection. Both patients showed evidence of late phosphate uptake in their greater saphenous veins two hours later.

Diagnosis of isolated perforation of the gallbladder following blunt trauma using sonography and CT scan.

Perforation of the gallbladder from blunt abdominal trauma is relatively rare, and is usually diagnosed at laparotomy for associated visceral injury. Isolated injury of the gallbladder may be unrecognized leading to delayed diagnosis and its associated increased morbidity. Computerized tomography, sonography, and HIDA Tc99m may be used in the early diagnosis of the acutely perforated gallbladder.

The roles of scintigraphy in splenic trauma.

A case is presented of an accessory spleen that was identified on nuclear scan at the time of diagnosis of splenic rupture. This information, proven by subsequent angiography, alerted the surgeons to the ease with which functional splenic tissue could be preserved in this patient. A sulfur colloid scan obtained post surgery confirmed the success of this more conservative operation.

Comparison of left atrial size and pulmonary capillary pressure with P wave of electrocardiogram.

The amplitude and duration of P waves in Leads II (P II), P terminal force in V1, (PV1) and the sums of P II and PV1 were compared in 37 subjects with left atrial size obtained by echocardiographic technique in 36 instances and with hemodynamic estimates of pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in 16 cases. The 22 females and 15 males were subdivided into the following groups. Group I, four normal subjects, Group II, 11 patients with predominant aortic insufficiency (two of whom had a mild mitral insufficiency); Group III, 14 patients with mitral valve disease, seven of whom had mitral insufficiency (two with minimal aortic insufficiency) Group IIIa) and seven had mitral stenosis (Group IIIb); Group IV, eight patients with miscellaneous disorders, i.

Subclavian-coronary artery anastomosis. A technique for definitive correction of anomalous origin of left coronary artery.

A case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 5-year-old child is presented. Surgical correction by means of a direct subclavian-coronary anastomosis was performed at normothermic temperatures without cardiopulmonary bypass. Pre- and postoperative studies including angiography are presented.