Regulation of osteogenic differentiation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α: current conclusions and controversies.

Treatment of complex bone fracture diseases is still a complicated problem that is urged to be solved in orthopedics. In bone tissue engineering, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair brings hope to the medical field of bone diseases. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts and promote bone regeneration.

Racial and ethnic differences in clonal hematopoiesis, tumor markers, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) incidence, mortality, and survival vary by race and ethnicity, but the causes of differences remain unclear. We investigated demographic, clinical, and molecular features of diverse MM patients to elucidate mechanisms driving clinical disparities. This study included 495 MM patients (self-reported Hispanic, n = 45; non-Hispanic Black, n = 52; non-Hispanic White, n = 398).

Multifunctional polyphenol-based silk hydrogel alleviates oxidative stress and enhances endogenous regeneration of osteochondral defects.

In osteochondral defects, oxidative stress caused by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can disrupt the normal endogenous repair process. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel composed of silk fibroin (SF) and tannic acid (TA), the FDA-approved ingredients, was developed to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance osteochondral regeneration. In this proposed hydrogel, SF first interacts with TA to form a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure, which is subsequently enzymatically crosslinked to form a stable hydrogel.

First Report of Lecanicillium aphanocladii causing rot of Morchella sextelata in China.

Morel mushroom (Morchella spp.) is a rare edible fungus with high nutritional and medicinal value. In China they are cultivated in sandy soils in greenhouses and production of fresh mushrooms reached 10,000 tons in 2019.

Comparative efficacy of different types of acupuncture as adjuvant therapy on carotid atherosclerosis: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a disease of the aorta caused by lipid metabolism disorders and local inflammation. Acupuncture combined with traditional western medicine (such as aspirin or atorvastatin) for the treatment of CAS has been widely applied in clinical practice, but there is still a lack of supporting evidence for its efficacy and safety on CAS. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) will summarise the effects of different types of acupuncture treatments on CAS, and a ranking of the therapeutic classes will also be presented, aiming to provide evidence-based medicine for its extensive clinical application.

Evaluation of Tumor DNA Sequencing Results in Patients with Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Stratified by TP53 Mutation Status.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJ) are molecularly diverse. TP53 is the most frequently altered gene with approximately 50% of patients harboring mutations. This qualitative study describes the distinct genomic alterations in GCs and GEJs stratified by TP53 mutation status.

Cell death-induced immunogenicity enhances chemoimmunotherapeutic response by converting immune-excluded into T-cell inflamed bladder tumors.

Chemoimmunotherapy has recently failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefit in advanced bladder cancer patients; and the mechanism(s) underlying such suboptimal response remain elusive. To date, most studies have focused on tumor-intrinsic properties that render them "immune-excluded". Here, we explore an alternative, drug-induced mechanism that impedes therapeutic response via disrupting the onset of immunogenic cell death.

Core Homologous Recombination Mutations and Improved Survival in Nonpancreatic GI Cancers.

Introduction: Homologous recombination mutations (HRM) have led to increased responses to platinum chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. However, HRMs' role in nonpancreatic gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains to be determined. Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive role of core (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2) and noncore HRM in nonpancreatic GI cancers receiving platinum therapy.

Predictive and prognostic effect of HO-1 expression in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has complex biological function, and is a candidate oncogene with a wide variety of deleterious functions in breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the relationship between expression of HO-1 protein with clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients.

Methods: We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine expression of HO-1 protein from core needle biopsy before NAC, then applied univariate and multivariate analyses to understand the relationship between HO-1 with pathological complete response (pCR) outcomes.

Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit silencing suppresses tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer via inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background/objectives: Ribonucleotide Reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) is elevated in pancreatic cancer and involved in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. But its specific mechanism including genetic differences and upstream regulatory pathways remains unclear.

Methods: We analyzed RRM2 expression of 178 pancreatic cancer patients in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database.

Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone of Getah virus in vivo.

Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne virus of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae and, in recent years, it has caused several outbreaks in animals. The molecular basis for GETV pathogenicity is not well understood. Therefore, a reverse genetic system of GETV is needed to produce genetically modified viruses for the study of the viral replication and its pathogenic mechanism.

BRAF Mutations Are Associated with Poor Survival Outcomes in Advanced-stage Mismatch Repair-deficient/Microsatellite High Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a unique disease entity with growing interest given the rise of young-onset CRC. Given its heterogeneous behavior and potential for highly effective treatment outcomes, we sought to identify the clinical and molecular features that offer prognostic value for MMR-D CRC.

Materials/methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with metastatic CRC with MMR-D or microsatellite instability in a real-world database.

In vivo antiviral effect of plant essential oils against avian infectious bronchitis virus.

Background: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The high levels of mutations of IBV render vaccines partially protective. Therefore, it is urgent to explore an effective antiviral drug or agent.

Molecular and functional characterization of the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in hepatocytes of Schizothorax prenanti in response to palmitic acid.

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein is a kind of adipokines synthesized and secreted by the liver, which has been verified to play important roles in liver metabolism and energy homeostasis. However, the effects of RBP4 on hepatic lipid accumulation are still elusive in fish. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the RBP4 gene in Schizothorax prenanti (S.

Perceived Importance of Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Survey on 386 Physicians in China.

There are varying definitions of women at high risk of breast cancer across different institutions, and there are reports suggesting that the breast cancer risk assessment tools have not been well integrated into clinical practice. In this study, we tried to investigate the perceived importance of different breast cancer risk factors by physicians in China. A cross-sectional survey involving 386 anonymous physicians was conducted using a 20-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire.

Chidamide combined with traditional chemotherapy for primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma: A case report.

Background: Traditional chemotherapy has benefited many patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but results in a very poor response in patients with rare lymphomas or refractory lymphomas. Previous studies have shown that chidamide has potential anti-lymphoma activity and reverses lymphoma cell chemoresistance to increase the chemosensitivity of lymphoma cells to traditional chemotherapy.

Case Summary: A 14-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with a 5-d history of generalized erythema, papules, and blisters.

Long non-coding RNA PCED1B-AS1 promotes the proliferation of colorectal adenocarcinoma through regulating the miR-633/HOXA9 axis.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PCED1B-AS1 was shown to play essential roles in human cancers, while its function in colorectal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the function of PCED1B-AS1 in regulating the microRNA(miR)-633/HOXA9 axis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The expression of PCED1B-AS1, miR-633 and HOXA9 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot analysis.

Unleashing non-conjugated polymers as charge relay mediators.

The core factors affecting the efficiency of photocatalysis are predominantly centered on controllable modulation of anisotropic spatial charge separation/transfer and regulating vectorial charge transport pathways in photoredox catalysis, yet it still meets with limited success. Herein, we first conceptually demonstrate the rational design of unidirectional cascade charge transfer channels over transition metal chalcogenide nanosheets (TMC NSs: ZnInS, CdS, CdInS, and InS), which is synergistically enabled by a solid-state non-conjugated polymer, , poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA), and MXene quantum dots (MQDs). In such elaborately designed photosystems, an ultrathin PDDA layer functions as an intermediate charge transport mediator to relay the directional electron transfer from TMC NSs to MQDs that serve as the ultimate electron traps, resulting in a considerably boosted charge separation/migration efficiency.

Delayed wet season increases soil net N mineralization in a seasonally dry tropical forest.

Seasonal precipitation regime plays a vital role in regulating nutrient dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests. Present evidence suggests that not only wet season precipitation is increasing in the tropics of South China, but also that the wet season is occurring later. However, it is unclear how nutrient dynamics will respond to the projected precipitation regime changes.

Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Traffic Speed Prediction.

Traffic speed prediction plays a fundamental role in traffic management and driving route planning. However, timely accurate traffic speed prediction is challenging as it is affected by complex spatial and temporal correlations. Most existing works cannot simultaneously model spatial and temporal correlations in traffic data, resulting in unsatisfactory prediction performance.

An easily available endoplasmic reticulum targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe for esterase imaging and .

Here, we report an easily available endoplasmic reticulum-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe (ER-CE), which can detect esterase in the endoplasmic reticulum and monitor the changes in the esterase amount in tumors in mice in real time. These results indicate that ER-CE is expected to become a powerful analysis tool for the research of endoplasmic reticulum esterase-related diseases.

Discovery of a novel megakaryopoiesis enhancer, ingenol, promoting thrombopoiesis through PI3K-Akt signaling independent of thrombopoietin.

Thrombocytopenia, a most common complication of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. However, there are still no approved agents for the treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (RIT and CIT, respectively). In this study, a drug screening model for predicting compounds with activity in promoting megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and platelet production was established based on machine learning (ML), and a natural product ingenol was predicted as a potential active compound.