SARS-CoV-2 Rapidly Infects Peripheral Sensory and Autonomic Neurons, Contributing to Central Nervous System Neuroinvasion before Viremia.

Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, acute and long term, suggest SARS-CoV-2 affects both the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS/CNS). Although studies have shown olfactory and hematogenous invasion into the CNS, coinciding with neuroinflammation, little attention has been paid to susceptibility of the PNS to infection or to its contribution to CNS invasion. Here we show that sensory and autonomic neurons in the PNS are susceptible to productive infection with SARS-CoV-2 and outline physiological and molecular mechanisms mediating neuroinvasion.

[Epidemiology and hospitalization costs analysis of female inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing from 2013 to 2020].

Objective: To study epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs of female inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze electronic hospitalization summary reports of female inpatients with AECOPD in Beijing from 2013 to 2020. Clinical characteristics (age distribution and comorbidities), epidemiological characteristics (temporal and spatial distribution characteristics), hospi-talization times and costs of patients were described.

Microstructure and Biomechanical Properties in Selective Laser Melting of Porous Metal Implants.

Two kinds of porous structure design strategies, ring-support (RS) and column-support (CS), are proposed for human implants. The accurate design of porosity is realized by adjusting the pore characteristics, such as strut diameter, pore diameter, and unit size. Porous specimens with porosity of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% were prepared by selective laser melting.

Construction and effectiveness evaluation of a knowledge-based infectious disease monitoring and decision support system.

To improve the hospital's ability to proactively detect infectious diseases, a knowledge-based infectious disease monitoring and decision support system was established based on real medical records and knowledge rules. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated using interrupted time series analysis. In the system, a monitoring and alert rule library for infectious diseases was generated by combining infectious disease diagnosis guidelines with literature and a real medical record knowledge map.

Method and application of information sharing throughout the emergency rescue process based on 5G and AR wearable devices.

The 2022 Winter Olympics were held in the three competition zones of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, China. The venues of this Winter Olympics were scattered and the terrain was complex. Moreover, the medical resources of Hebei and Beijing were relatively unbalanced.

Sulfur(iv) reagents for the SuFEx-based synthesis of substituted sulfamate esters.

Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange chemistry has been reported to be effective at synthesizing valuable sulfur(vi) functionalities through sequential nucleophilic additions, yet oxygen-based nucleophiles are limited in this approach to phenolic derivatives. Herein, we report a new sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange strategy to access synthetically challenging substituted sulfamate esters from alkyl alcohols and amines. We also report the development of a non-gaseous, sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange reagent, -methylimidazolium sulfinyl fluoride hexafluorophosphate (MISF).

Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction of Water Cherenkov Events With Deep Generative Neural Networks.

Large water Cherenkov detectors have shaped our current knowledge of neutrino physics and nucleon decay, and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. These highly capable detectors allow for directional and topological, as well as calorimetric information to be extracted from signals on their photosensors. The current state-of-the-art approach to water Cherenkov reconstruction relies on maximum-likelihood estimation, with several simplifying assumptions employed to make the problem tractable.

SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Common Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Beverages.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is known to be transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. Since the virus is shed at high concentrations in respiratory secretions and saliva, SARS-CoV-2 would also be expected to be transmitted through activities that involve the transfer of saliva from one individual to another, such as kissing or sharing beverages. To assess the survival of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in common beverages, we quantified infectious virus by plaque assays one hour after inoculation into 18 non-alcoholic and 16 alcoholic beverages, plus saliva, and also 7 days later for 5 of these beverages.

Intelligent virtual case learning system based on real medical records and natural language processing.

Background: Modernizing medical education by using artificial intelligence and other new technologies to improve the clinical thinking ability of medical students is an important research topic in recent years. Prominent medical universities are actively conducting research and exploration in this area. In particular, given the shortage of human resources, the need to maintain social distancing to prevent the spread of the epidemics, and the increase in the cost of medical education, it is critical to harness online learning to promote medical education.

Deep learning model for multi-classification of infectious diseases from unstructured electronic medical records.

Purpose: Predictively diagnosing infectious diseases helps in providing better treatment and enhances the prevention and control of such diseases. This study uses actual data from a hospital. A multiple infectious disease diagnostic model (MIDDM) is designed for conducting multi-classification of infectious diseases so as to assist in clinical infectious-disease decision-making.

SARS-CoV-2 Remains Infectious on Refrigerated Deli Food, Meats, and Fresh Produce for up to 21 Days.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been detected on foods and food packaging and the virus can infect oral cavity and intestinal cells, suggesting that infection could potentially occur following ingestion of virus-contaminated foods. To determine the relative risk of infection from different types of foods, we assessed survival of SARS-CoV-2 on refrigerated ready-to-eat deli items, fresh produce, and meats (including seafood). Deli items and meats with high protein, fat, and moisture maintained infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 for up to 21 days.

A Novel Approach to Detecting Muscle Fatigue Based on sEMG by Using Neural Architecture Search Framework.

Muscle fatigue detection is of great significance to human physiological activities, but many complex factors increase the difficulty of this task. In this article, we integrate several effective techniques to distinguish muscle states under fatigue and nonfatigue conditions via surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. First, we perform an isometric contraction experiment of biceps brachii to collect sEMG signals.

Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) on Foods Stored at Refrigerated Temperature.

Outbreaks of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) in meat processing plants and media reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection on foods have raised concerns of a public health risk from contaminated foods. We used herpes simplex virus 1, a non-Biosafety Level 3 (non-BSL3) enveloped virus, as a surrogate to develop and validate methods before assessing the survival of infectious SARS-CoV-2 on foods. Several food types, including chicken, seafood, and produce, were held at 4 °C and assessed for infectious virus survival (herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2) at 0 h, 1 h, and 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) by plaque assay.

Comparative Whole Genome Analysis of O157:H7 Isolates From Feedlot Cattle to Identify Genotypes Associated With the Presence and Absence of Genes.

A comparative whole genome analysis was performed on three newly sequenced O157:H7 strains with different profiles, previously isolated from feedlot cattle [C1-010 (, +), C1-057 (), and C1-067 (+, +)], as well as five foodborne outbreak strains and six -negative strains from NCBI. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that the -carrying C1-010 and -negative C1-057 strains were grouped with the six NCBI -negative O157:H7 strains in Cluster 1, whereas the -carrying C1-067 and five foodborne outbreak strains were clustered together in Cluster 2. Based on different clusters, we selected the three newly sequenced strains, one -carrying strain, and the six NCBI -negative strains and identify their prophages at the insertion sites.

One-Pot Deoxygenation and Substitution of Alcohols Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride.

Sulfuryl fluoride is a valuable reagent for the one-pot activation and derivatization of aliphatic alcohols, but the highly reactive alkyl fluorosulfate intermediates limit both the types of reactions that can be accessed as well as the scope. Herein, we report the SOF-mediated alcohol substitution and deoxygenation method that relies on the conversion of fluorosulfates to alkyl halide intermediates. This strategy allows the expansion of SOF-mediated one-pot processes to include radical reactions, where the alkyl halides can also be exploited in the one-pot deoxygenation of primary alcohols under mild conditions (52-95% yield).

Photoelectrochemical Decomposition of Lignin Model Compound on a BiVO Photoanode.

The photoelectrochemical decomposition of lignin model compounds at a BiVO photoanode is demonstrated with simulated sunlight and an applied bias of 2.0 V. These prototypical lignin model compounds are photoelectrochemically converted into the corresponding aryl aldehyde and phenol derivatives in a single step with conversion of up to ≈64 % over 20 h.

One-Pot Substitution of Aliphatic Alcohols Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride.

The Mitsunobu reaction is a powerful transformation for the one-pot activation and substitution of aliphatic alcohols. Significant efforts have focused on modifying the classic conditions to overcome problems associated with purification from phosphine-based byproducts. Herein, we report a phosphine free method for alcohol activation and substitution that is mediated by sulfuryl fluoride.

Regiocontrolled and Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydrophthalazine Derivatives using Radical Cyclizations.

Tetrahydrophthalazine derivatives have found important applications in pharmaceutical research, but existing synthetic methods are unable to access them regio- and stereoselectively. Here, a new approach is presented that addresses these challenges by utilizing a 6-endo-trig radical cyclization in the key step. The desired tetrahydrophthalazines can be accessed in high yields (55-98 %) and high diastereoselectivities for the trans-product (>95:5) starting either from readily accessible hydrazones, or from the corresponding aldehydes and substituted Boc-hydrazides in a one-pot process.

Identification and characterization of lysine-rich proteins and starch biosynthesis genes in the opaque2 mutant by transcriptional and proteomic analysis.

Background: The opaque2 mutant is valuable for producing maize varieties with enhanced nutritional value. However, the exact mechanisms by which it improves protein quality and creates a soft endosperm texture are unclear. Given the importance of improving nutritional quality in grain crops, a better understanding of the physiological basis for these traits is necessary.