Hypomethylating agents as emerging therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Epigenetic silencing, such as DNA methylation mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) plays key roles in TNBC tumorigenesis. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as azacitidine, decitabine, and guadecitabine are key inhibitors of DNMTs, and accumulating evidence has shown their immunogenicity properties.

Hypercalcemia in Dual Pathology: Interplay Between Renal Cell Carcinoma and Parathyroid Adenoma.

The concomitant occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and primary hyperparathyroidism is rare as these conditions are often identified by the presence of hypercalcemia, which might be missed in asymptomatic individuals. We present the case of a 58-year-old asymptomatic male detected to have a left abdominal mass during his routine medical follow-up. He was subsequently diagnosed with RCC.

A rare convergence: Gangrenous bowel secondary to closed-loop obstruction with elevated urine amylase levels - A comprehensive case report.

Urine amylase levels are usually used to diagnose acute pancreatitis. However, there are reported cases where urine amylase levels are slightly increased in individuals without pancreatitis. Herein, we report the case of a young lady who presented with acute abdominal pain for 3 days.

The role of MiRNA-34 family in different signaling pathways and its therapeutic options.

MiRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to affect a vast number of genes at the post-transcriptional level, hence regulating several signaling pathways. Because the miRNA-34 family regulates a number of different signaling pathways, including those linked to cancer, the immune system, metabolism, cellular structure, and neurological disorders, it has garnered a great deal of attention from researchers. Members of the miRNA-34 family have been shown to inhibit tumors in a variety of cancer types.

Association of ABCG2 Polymorphisms on Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Susceptibility Risk.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2) gene polymorphisms with individual susceptibility to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) as well as clinicopathological variables in TNBC patients. Two common polymorphisms in Asian population, ABCG2 34 G>A and 421 C>A was selected in this study.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 75 TNBC patients and 83 controls.

Survival probabilities and prognostic factors of pregnancy-associated breast cancer in Malaysian women.

Objective: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare cancer. This study aimed to determine the survival probabilities and prognostic factors in patients with PABC.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals in Kota Bharu.

The effect of pre-endoscopy maltodextrin beverage on gastric residual volume and patient's well-being: a randomised controlled trial.

Prolonged fasting prior to oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) could be noxious to patients' well-being. Strict fasting protocol has been used prior to OGDS with the concern of reduced visibility or suboptimal endoscopic assessment. Maltodextrin beverages were also commonly used as the pre-operative carbohydrate loading in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Comparing Low Volume Versus Conventional Volume of Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation during Colonoscopy: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution is widely used as a colonoscopic bowel cleaning agent, although some patients are intolerant due to the need for ingesting large solution volumes and unpleasant taste. A low-volume solution may enhance patient tolerability and compliance in bowel preparation. Accordingly, this study compared the effectiveness of two difference PEG volumes for bowel preparation before colonoscopy in terms of bowel cleanliness, completeness of colonoscopy, patient tolerability and colonoscopy duration.

A new surgical modality for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

Background: Breast preservation can considerably improve the postoperative living quality of breast cancer patients. Through this study, we proposed a novel, safe, and effective surgical modality for breast preservation in patients with early breast cancer.

Case Description: Herein, we present a case report of a patient with early-stage breast cancer (T1cN0M0), who underwent skin-sparing nipple areola hypodermic gland resection combined with primary breast reconstruction using silicone implants.

Acute lower limb ischaemia secondary to aortic compression from uterine fibroid.

A woman in her early 50s with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and a huge uterine fibroid presented to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis and bilateral acute lower limb ischaemia. Vascular and advanced imaging studies confirmed distal aortic compression by a huge uterine fibroid, resulting in extensive lower limb arterial thrombosis. After resuscitation, the patient underwent emergency hysterectomy, thromboembolectomy and amputation of the right leg.

Feasibility analysis of treating breast cancer patients with breast-conserving surgery via a periareolar incision combined with non-lipolytic suspension-type mastoscopy.

The purpose is to analyze and compare postoperative recovery and complication incidence between a periareolar incision combined with Suspension-type Mastoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (SMALND) and traditional inflated Mastoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (MALND). This was a randomized trial conducted from June 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, in the Department of Second Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, in accordance with the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Overall, 126 patients diagnosed and treated for early-stage breast cancer were selected to undergo periareolar-incision breast-conserving surgery.

Carcinosarcoma: A Rare and Aggressive Breast Tumor in a Young Lady.

Carcinosarcoma of the breast is a subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma characterized by differentiation of the neoplastic epithelium toward mesenchymal-looking elements. It is a highly aggressive rare subtype of invasive breast neoplasm that exhibits a distinct histologic entity. Only a limited number of reports related to this type of disease have been reported.

myBeST-A Web-Based Survival Prognostic Tool for Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia: Development Process and Preliminary Validation Study.

Women with breast cancer are keen to know their predicted survival. We developed a new prognostic model for women with breast cancer in Malaysia. Using the model, this study aimed to design the user interface and develop the contents of a web-based prognostic tool for the care provider to convey survival estimates.

Synchronous Breast and Cervical Carcinoma: A Genetic Point of View.

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of women in Malaysia. The most common sites of metastasis are the lung, liver, bone and brain. A 45-year-old lady was diagnosed with left invasive breast carcinoma stage IV (T4cN1M1) with axillary lymph nodes and lung metastasis.

Comparing the Biology of Young versus Old Age Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer through Gene and Protein Expression Analyses.

Background: Breast cancer developed at a young age (≤45 years) is hypothesized to have unique biology; however, findings in this field are controversial. Methods: We compared the whole transcriptomic profile of young vs. old-age breast cancer using DNA microarray.

Unraveling Roles of miR-27b-3p as a Potential Biomarker for Breast Cancer in Malay Women via Bioinformatics Analysis.

Abnormal miRNA expression has been associated with breast cancer. Knowing miRNA and its target genes gives a better understanding of the biological mechanism behind the development of breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the potential prognostic and predictive values of miRNAs in breast cancer development by analyzing Malay women with breast cancer expression profiles.

Development of Predictive Models for Survival among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia.

Prediction of survival probabilities based on models developed by other countries has shown inconsistent findings among Malaysian patients. This study aimed to develop predictive models for survival among women with breast cancer in Malaysia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients who were diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 in seven breast cancer centres, where their survival status was followed until 31 December 2021.

Efficacy and safety of pre-gastroscopy commercial carbohydrate-rich whey protein beverage vs. plain water: a randomised controlled trial.

Clinical benefits and safety of carbohydrate loading pre-gastroscopy remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects of a commercial carbohydrate-rich whey protein beverage versus plain water given pre-gastroscopy on gastric residual volume and well-being, and to determine adverse events. This was a single centre, single-blinded, parallel-group, sex-stratified randomized controlled trial.

Changes in Spinal Alignment of Women Who Underwent Unilateral Mastectomy with Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction Compared To Mastectomy without Breast Reconstruction.

Introduction: The impact of breast reconstruction on spinal alignment is not well studied, especially in immediate autologous breast reconstruction. Studies on body posture have shown greater asymmetry among those without reconstruction. This study compared the changes in spinal alignment pre- and post-operatively among women who underwent unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction (MA) versus immediate autologous breast reconstruction (IABR).

Factors associated with delay in seeking care for breast symptoms.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Early detection and intervention are associated with better prognosis and survival. The study aim was to investigate the factors associated with delayed presentation among women with breast symptoms.

A Monster in the Chest: A Tale of a Goiter.

Substernal goiter is usually presented in elderly patients and is mostly asymptomatic. A large substernal goiter is surgically challenging and can be managed through a transcervical incision and sternotomy. This case report is about a large substernal goiter extending into the anterior mediastinum and causing superior vena cava syndrome that was resected via a transcervical and full sternotomy approach.

The Enigma of Giant Phyllodes Tumour.

Phyllodes tumours are an uncommon type of biphasic fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast. We present a case of a 28-year-old, para one lady with no risk of breast cancer presented with painless left breast swelling for three months. Over one month, the swelling suddenly increased in size and became painful with skin changes associated with pus discharge.

A Five-Year Review of the Outcomes of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 Lesions in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Purpose: The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon used in reporting breast imaging has several categories with specific positive predictive values for breast cancer. Among those, BI-RADS 4 is associated with a wider range of risk for breast cancer, which makes the decision for biopsy difficult. The study aim was to determine the malignancy rate and clinical outcomes of BI-RADS 4 lesions in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) for a period of five years.

Down Regulated Expression Levels of miR-27b and miR-451a as a Potential Biomarker for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis, aggressive phenotype(s) of tumours, partial chemotherapy response, and lack of clinically proven therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can target and modulate key genes that are involved in TNBC chemotherapy. Deregulated miRNA expression is highly involved in anti-cancer drug resistance phenotype and thus, miRNAs tend to be promising candidates for prediction of chemotherapy response and recurrence.