Correlation between the DAI and ICON Indices used for Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment need in Croatian Schoolchildren.

Introduction: The aims were: evaluation of the correlation between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON); the assessment of orthodontic treatment need for schoolchildren in a population with two indices, separately for schoolchildren with mixed and permanent dentition; the estimation of the population share that could not receive orthodontic treatment because of the presence of caries and/or gingivitis.

Methods: A total of 2652 Zagreb school children (7 - 19 years old, 52.4% of them were females) completed a questionnaire regarding previous orthodontic treatment and the type of appliance used.

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Using Direct and Indirect Bonding Methods and .

Aim: Aim of article was to compare the shear bond strength of indirectly and directly bonded orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: The experimental study included 60 maxillary and mandibular premolars. Teeth were mounted on cold-cure acrylic blocks for each tooth separately and divided into two groups: directly bonded brackets (30 teeth) and indirectly bonded brackets (30 teeth).

Fluctuating Dental Arch Asymmetry in Different Malocclusion Groups.

Objective: To compare the degree of dental arch fluctuating asymmetry (FA) among patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusions.

Subjects And Methods: The sample comprised randomly selected plaster casts of 131 patients: 39 Class I (19 males and 20 females), 57 Class II (23 males and 34 females), and 35 Class III (20 males and 15 females). Dental models were scanned and digitized using ATOS II SO.

Changes of bite force and occlusal contacts in the retention phase of orthodontic treatment: A controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: We aimed to determine whether appliance type affects changes in maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and the number of occlusal contacts (NOC) during retention, controlling for sex, age, and body mass index.

Methods: The sample comprised 176 examinees (70 male, 106 female) aged 14 to 20 years: 30 had maxillary and mandibular Essix retainers, 30 had wrap-around retainers, and 30 had a combination of fixed mandibular canine-to-canine retainers bonded on each tooth separately (double twisted, 0.254 mm in diameter, stainless steel ligature wire) and Essix retainer in the maxillary arch; 86 with normal occlusion were not treated.

History of Orthodontic Treatment, Treatment Needs and Influencing Factors in Adolescents in Croatia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment needs of adolescents in Zagreb, Croatia, in relation to their orthodontic treatment history, caries experience and socio-demographic parameters.

Methods: The study sample comprised 1,289 adolescents from 12 randomly selected public schools in Zagreb, Croatia. The subjects were 15-18 years old (mean age 16.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DENTAL AND SKELETAL MATURATION STAGES IN CROATIAN SUBJECTS.

This study investigated the relationships between the stages of calcification of teeth and cervical vertebral maturation. The sample consisted of 295 subjects (129 male and 166 female), mean age 13.36 ± 2.

Temporomandibular disorders and orthodontic treatment need in orthodontically untreated children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to explore the association between signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orthodontic treatment need in orthodontically untreated children and adolescents. One thousand five hundred and ninety-seven subjects aged 11-19 years, without previous orthodontic history, from sixteen randomly selected public schools in Zagreb, Croatia, were examined. Malocclusion characteristics were assessed by using the criteria proposed by Bjork et al.

The unmet orthodontic treatment need of adolescents and influencing factors for not seeking orthodontic therapy.

The purpose of this study was to estimate unmet orthodontic treatment needs of adolescents in Zagreb, Croatia, compare normative and self-perceived need and investigate factors influencing the reason why untreated subjects with severe malocclusions have not been treated before. One thousand and forty-two non-orthodontically treated subjects in age groups of 12 and 18 years, from sixteen randomly selected public schools in Zagreb, Croatia were examined. The Dental Aesthetic Index, Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and a questionnaire concerning self-perceived orthodontic treatment need, perception of aesthetics, function, behaviors and socioeconomic status were used.

Antimicrobial effect of different brushing frequencies with fluoride toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species in children with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material.

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal fillings in population of Zagreb, Croatia: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of apical periodontitis and assess the quality of endodontic fillings in the population of the city of Zagreb, Croatia.

Methods: A total of 1462 orthopantomograms from new patients at 6 different dental practices was analyzed during 2006 and 2007. The presence of periapical lesions was determined by using the periapical index score (PAI).

Discriminant factor analysis of dental arch dimensions with 3-dimensional virtual models.

Introduction: The form and the size of a dental arch are products of the configuration and the naturally established balance of the jaw, alveolar bone, and muscles. We investigated which arch dimensions mostly discriminate particular dentoalveolar classes and sexes.

Methods: Plaster dental casts were collected from 137 white adolescent subjects (71 girls, 66 boys) aged between 15 and 18 years (mean, 16.

Salivary microbial and nonmicrobial parameters in children with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Objective: To determine the physiologic changes of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: The study included 23 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy. All subjects received equal braces, bands, and brackets, bonded with the same material.

Maximum voluntary molar bite force in subjects with normal occlusion.

The aims of this investigation were to determine whether stabilization of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) occurs between 15 and 18 years of age in subjects with a normal occlusion, and to assess the influence of gender, body mass index (BMI), morphological occlusion, and jaw function measured by the number of occlusal contacts, overjet, overbite, maximal mouth opening, mandibular deflection during opening, sagittal slide between the retruded contact position and the intercuspal position, and number of dental restorations. The sample comprised 60 Caucasian subjects aged 15 (15 males and 15 females) and 18 (14 males and 16 females) years with a neutral occlusion, balanced facial profile, and absence of a previous orthodontic history. Bite force measurements were undertaken using a portable occlusal force gauge on both the left and the right sides of the jaw in the first molar region during maximal clenching.

Facial profile preferences: differences in the perception of children with and without orthodontic history.

Introduction: Improved facial esthetics can be fully achievable only if facial preferences of the treated group are known. We hypothesized that facial profile perception and preferences could be influenced by orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Differences in facial profile preferences between children with and without an orthodontic history were investigated in a sample of 1626 children aged 12 to 19 years (mean age, 14.

Analysis of the soft tissue profile in Croatians with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces.

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the soft tissue profile of Croatian and white North American adults. Facial profile photographs were taken of 110 Croatians (52 males and 58 females) with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces (age 22-29 years). The findings were also compared with a white Brazilian group.

Dental archforms in dentoalveolar Class I, II and III.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that no differences exist in dental arch dimensions between dentoalveolar Classes I, II, and III, and between male and female subjects, as measured on virtual three-dimensional (3D) models.

Materials And Methods: Samples included randomly selected plaster dental casts of 137 white patients (43 Class I, 50 Class II, and 44 Class III) from the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Dental models were scanned and digitized using ATOS II SO ("Small Objects") scanning technology (GOM mbH, Braunschweig, Germany).

Perception of orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents.

Patients' and parents' perception of malocclusion are important in determining orthodontic treatment demand, motivation, and cooperation. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in perception of treatment need in currently orthodontically treated, previously treated, and untreated subjects. The sample comprised 3196 children and adolescents (1593 males and 1603 females) aged 8-19 years (mean age 13.

Soft tissue profile typology: results of the cluster analysis.

The aim of the study was to establish a mathematical classification of normal soft tissue profile by cluster analysis based on linear and angular photogrammetric measurements.The sample consisted of 110 subjects, 52 males (mean age, 28.7 y) and 58 females (mean age, 25.

Proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face as determined by photogrammetric method.

This study is concentrated on the lower face profile, the emphasis being given to the lips and chin area which have been analysed by various proportions. A sample consisted of 110 subjects (52 males and 58 females) with good soft tissue profile, dental class I and Caucasian type. All the records were taken in the natural head position (NHP) and all measurements were performed using the computer and by the same operator.

Dental and occlusal features in patients with palatally displaced maxillary canines.

The aim of the present study was to determine the dental and occlusal features that could contribute to the aetiology of palatally displaced canines (PDCs). The material consisted of pre-treatment dental casts of 50 patients (36 females and 14 males) with unilateral and bilateral PDCs aged 14-16 years (mean 15.6 +/- 1.

Tooth size discrepancy in orthodontic patients among different malocclusion groups.

An appropriate relationship of the mesiodistal (MD) widths of the maxillary and mandibular teeth favours optimal post-treatment results. The aims of this study were to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies among different skeletal malocclusion groups and if gender dimorphism exists. The dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 301 Croatian subjects (127 males and 174 females, mean age 16.

Type of archwire and level of acidity: effects on the release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances.

Objective: To examine the effects of three different parameters-pH value, type of archwire, and length of immersion-on release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances.

Materials And Methods: Simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that corresponded to one-half of the maxillary arch were immersed in artificial saliva of different pH values (6.75 +/- 0.

Soft tissue facial profile of normal dental and skeletal subjects in Croatian population aged 12 to 15 years.

This study was carried out on 40 lateral cephalograms of Croatian subjects aged 12 to 15 years with dental and skeletal class I. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the means and standard deviations of the soft tissue parameters in the sample of Croatian population exhibiting dental and skeletal class I and to find the correlations between investigated parameters. The investigation included a total of 11 variables of which 4 were angular and 7 linear.

Teeth eruption in children with normal occlusion and malocclusion.

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in eruption of permanent teeth (C, P1, P2 and M2) in a group of children with and without malocclusion. A sample of 1758 children (921 boys and 837 girls), aged 8-13 was randomly selected. The subjects were grouped by chronological age (11 groups) and by presence of malocclusion.

Analysis of the soft tissue facial profile by means of angular measurements.

An aesthetically pleasing and balanced face is one of the objectives of orthodontic treatment. An understanding of the soft tissues and their normal ranges enables a treatment plan to be formulated to normalize the facial traits for a given individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variables defining the soft tissue facial profile of a Croatian (Caucasian) sample, by means of angular measurements typically used for aesthetic treatment goals.