Office Rigid Laryngoscopy as a Predictor for Glottic Exposure in Microlaryngoscopy.

Good glottic exposure is a prerequisite for a good microlaryngeal surgery. Often this is difficult to predict preoperatively. This study aims to evaluate the utility of office-based rigid laryngoscopy (70°) as a screening tool to predict laryngeal exposure during micro laryngoscopy.

Idiopathic Ulcerative Laryngitis (IUL): An Indian Perspective.

Idiopathic ulcerative laryngitis (IUL) is characterized by bilateral ulceration of vocal cords which is followed by a protracted course of healing. It is rarely diagnosed, with a paucity of published data in English literature. There is no published data on this topic in the Indian population.

The Chondroma of Arytenoid Cartilage: A Case Report.

The chondromas of laryngeal cartilage constitute less than 1% of common mesenchymal tumors of the larynx. 70-75% of chondroma is located at the endolaryngeal surface of the cricoid cartilage. Here is a case report of the chondroma of arytenoid cartilage-a rare site of occurrence.

Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum-A Rare Cause of Dysphagia in an Adult Male.

Killian Jamieson diverticulum is a rare diverticulum of the esophagus that out pouches through the Killian Jamieson's dehiscence. They are relatively rare compared to Zenker's diverticula, although both present similarly. However, both needs to be distinguished separately and treated accordingly given their anatomic variations.

Evaluation of the remineralisation potential of bioactive glass, nanohydroxyapatite and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride-based toothpastes on enamel erosion lesion -An study.

Background: Erosion, a dynamic process with periods of demineralisation and remineralisation, has become a common problem in modern societies, owing to changes in life style and dietary habits. Although fluorides have been included in toothpastes that claim to prevent demineralisation and aid remineralisation, their ability to remineralise is limited by low concentration of calcium and phosphate ions available in saliva. Hence, a new paste based on casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glass (BAG) were introduced.

Transoral silastic medialization for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Background: Medialization laryngoplasty has historically been performed through an external approach. The aim of our work is to demonstrate the feasibility of silastic vocal fold medialization transorally.

Methods: Patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis requiring medialization laryngoplasty were included in this report.

Platelet Rich Fibrin in Management of Complex Endoperio Cases.

Endo-perio lesions have been a dilemma to the dental practitioner. Both tissues share the same anatomical origin. Sometimes exact etiological passage of disease process cannot be traced; nevertheless traditional and newer treatment modalities must be employed to ensure best treatment possibilities.

Cricoarytenoid Joint Ankylosis: Classification and Transoral Laser Microsurgical Treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to describe a graduated approach for effective transoral mobilization of cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis (CJA) in the context of the Bogdasarian system of classifying posterior glottic web-based stenosis (PGWS).

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study through data from medical records and operative notes. A consecutive series of 23 patients who underwent reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery for PGWS with a significant degree of CJA (Bogdasarian grade III-IV) was included in the study.

Laser tracheobronchoplasty: a novel technique for the treatment of symptomatic tracheobronchomalacia.

The management of tracheobronchomalacia is a very challenging problem with few treatment options. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of a novel surgical treatment for membranous tracheobronchomalacia. A consecutive series of patients with tracheobronchomalacia were treated with two to three holmium laser scarring surgeries of the hyperdynamic tracheal and bronchial walls for the purpose of stiffening them through fibrosis.

Reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery for posterior glottic web with stenosis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To demonstrate that reconstructive transoral laser microsurgical (R-TLM) techniques can be used for the treatment of symptomatic laryngeal posterior glottic web-based stenosis (PGWS) in a large cohort of patients utilizing a postcricoid mucosal advancement flap (PCMAF).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort review.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients with PGWS who underwent R-TLM using a PCMAF were reviewed for outcomes.

Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride and Chlorhexidine with and Without Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation - An Invitro Study.

Introduction: Elimination of microorganisms from infected root canals is a complicated task. Numerous measures have been described to reduce the microbial load in the root canal system, including the use of various instrumentation techniques, irrigation regimens and intracanal medicaments. The drawbacks of few commonly used irrigants include toxic and harmful side effects, microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents and staining.

An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of four electronic apex locators using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium hand files.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length (WL) determination of four electronic apex locators (EALs), namely, Root ZX (RZX), Elements diagnostic unit and apex locator (ELE), SybronEndo Mini Apex locator (MINI) and Propex pixi (PIXI) using Stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between canal length determination by SS and NiTi files of 4 EALs.

Materials And Methods: Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were decoronated and the canal orifice flared.

Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of glass ionomer-resin continuum as root-end filling materials: An in vitro study.

Background And Objectives: Root-end filling is a prudent procedure aimed at sealing the root canal to prevent penetration of tissue fluids into the root canals. An ideal root-end filling material should produce a complete apical seal. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the leakage behavior of four different root-end filling materials.

Conservative Management of Horizontal Root Fracture - A Case Series.

Root fracture has been defined as a fracture involving dentin, cementum, pulp and periodontal ligament. Depending on the level of the fracture line various treatment modalities may be employed by the clinician to promote healing. The following case reports highlight how changes in technique allow for conservative management of horizontal root fractures at different levels.

Chronic cutaneous draining sinus of dental origin.

Extra oral sinus of odontogenic origin occurs when the purulent by-products of dental pulp necrosis spread along the path of least resistance from the root apex to the skin on the face. Patients presenting with cutaneous sinus usually visit a general physician or dermatologist first, as the lesion can mimic various dermatologic pathologies, ranging from an infected sebaceous cysts to a basal cell carcinoma. Despite systemic antibiotics, symptoms often persist causing further confusion, and at times leading to unnecessary surgical interventions.

An In-vitro Evaluation of the pH Change Through Root Dentin Using Different Calcium Hydroxide Preparations as an Intracanal Medicament.

Context: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pH variation in the surrounding medium after the use of two different vehicles of Calcium hydroxide - Saline (aqueous), Propylene glycol (viscous) and Calcium hydroxide containing guttapercha points over a period of 7 days as an intracanal medicament.

Materials And Methods: Sixty single rooted premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and cleaned and shaped uptil size 40 master apical file. External defects were made on the mesial surface in the coronal third of the roots and divided randomly into 4 groups.

Impact of low level magnification on incipient occlusal caries diagnosis and treatment decision making.

Introduction: This in-vitro study aimed to test the accuracy and reproducibility in detection of incipient occlusal caries and treatment decision making using unenhanced visual-tactile technique and low level magnification by the use of loupes and surgical operating microscope (SOM).

Methodology: Sixty extracted human posterior teeth were assessed by two examiners using ICDAS- II index and CPI- TN probe, with and without magnification. Histopathology was used as gold standard for diagnosis of caries and treatment decision making.

Factors influencing delayed presentation of congenitally hearing impaired children in rural India.

A study was conducted to determine why there was a delay in detection of hearing loss in congenitally hearing impaired children in rural India. It was found that although the parents of these children visited a primary care physician, relevant information regarding investigation and rehabilitation of hearing loss was not available to the patient. In the absence of a universal hearing screening programme in this country, it is a matter of importance to strengthen this aspect of community otolaryngology in the undergraduate ENT programme.

Myringosclerosis: an indication of a blocked aditus.

Tympanoplasty has been the mainstay of treatment in chronic otitis media. In a non cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media, there has been much debate whether a cortical mastoidectomy is required or not. Creating an aerating mastoidectomy in cases of blocked aditus ad antrum helps in reducing the recurrence.

Reaction of rat subcutaneous tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement: a secondary level biocompatibility test.

Objectives: This secondary-level animal study was conducted to assess and compare the subcutaneous tissue reaction to implantation of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and white Portland cement.

Study Design: Polyethylene tubes filled with either freshly mixed white MTA (Group I) or white Portland cement (Group II) were implanted subcutaneously into 12 Wistar Albino rats. Each animal also received an empty polyethylene tube as the control (Group III).

The effect of surface treatments and bonding regimens on microtensile bond strengths of repaired composite: An in vitro study.

Aim: To assess the microtensile bond strength of repaired composite resin that was surface treated by diamond point or silicon carbide followed by bonding using either only total- etch bonding regimen or silane coupling agent with adhesive resin.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen composite blocks were aged under deionized water for 14 days. The bonding surface was prepared with coarse diamond point or silicon carbide.

Comparison of accuracy of two electronic apex locators in the presence of various irrigants: An in vitro study.

Aim: This study was designed to compare the accuracy of Root ZX and SybronEndo Mini, electronic apex locators (EALs), in the presence of various irrigants.

Materials And Methods: Sixty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and the root canals coronally flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually and teeth mounted in the gelatin model.

Contemporary curing profiles: Study of effectiveness of cure and polymerization shrinkage of composite resins: An in vitro study.

Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of step-curing, ramp curing, single intensity on the effectiveness of cure and polymerization shrinkage of composite resin. The influence of filler loading on the effectiveness of cure and polymerization shrinkage of composite resin was investigated.

Materials And Methods: In this study, a total of 80 specimens divided into four groups were used.

Effect of 4% titanium tetrafluoride application on shear bond strength of composite resin: An in vitro study.

Aims: The objective of thisstudy is to evaluate and compare 4% titanium tetrafluoride with 2% Sodium fluoride, and the bond strength of composite resin with dentin and their effects on the smear layer.

Materials And Methods: Fifty freshly extracted non-carious molar and premolar teeth were selected. The occlusal surfaces of the teeth were ground, to prepare flat dentin surfaces at a depth of 2 mm and were randomly grouped with 10 specimens in each.

Significance of free radical injury in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.

Background And Objectives: Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by various carcinogens such as tobacco, alcohol and viruses. Likewise, oxidative stress is known to cause aberrations in the cell membrane and DNA, leading to cancer. We conducted this prospective study in order to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients.