Surveillance Colonoscopy for Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Offers Better Overall Survival in Real-World Surgically Resected Cases.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of surveillance colonoscopy (SC) and optimize its use by assessing real-world surgically resected cases of ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) and dysplasia.

Methods: Clinicopathological data of 406 (238 CRC and 168 dysplasia) patients who underwent surgical resection in 10 UC specialized institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the SC and non-SC groups.

The association between the increased performance of laparoscopic colon surgery and a reduced risk of surgical site infection.

Purpose: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most frequently occurring nosocomial infection. Remarkable surgical progress has recently been made in laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the association between increased rates of laparoscopic colon surgery and SSI.

Forkhead box O1 as an indicator of prognosis is inactivated in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) can be inactivated via its phosphorylation, resulting in suppression of apoptosis. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of a phosphorylated form of FOXO1 was assessed in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) specimens. Overall, phospho-FOXO1 (p-FOXO1) was immunoreactive in all 99 UUTUC specimens [12 (12.

Chemically Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide Against ARL4C Inhibits Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumor Growth.

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) is identified as a small GTP-binding protein, which is expressed by Wnt and EGF signaling and plays an important role in tubulogenesis of cultured cells and the ureters. ARL4C is little expressed in adult tissues, but it is highly expressed in lung cancer and colorectal cancer and shown to represent a molecular target for cancer therapy based on siRNA experiments. This study revealed that ARL4C is highly expressed in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases, and that ARL4C expression is associated with poor prognosis for these cancers.

Involvement of MAF1 homolog, negative regulator of RNA polymerase III in colorectal cancer progression.

Polymerase (Pol) III‑dependent transcription controls the abundance of transfer RNAs, 5S ribosomal RNA and small non‑coding RNAs within cells, and is known to serve an essential role in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis. However, its contribution to cancer progression has not been extensively explored. The present study demonstrated that the evolutionarily conserved MAF1 homolog, negative regulator of RNA Pol III (MAF1) may be closely associated with malignant potential and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).

A Novel Predictive Nomogram for Early Endoscopic Recurrence after Intestinal Resection for Crohn's Disease.

Background/aims: Endoscopic recurrence (ER) after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease (CD) precedes the clinical recurrence, and the severity of ER correlates with the severity of the subsequent clinical recurrence. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to early ER after intestinal resection for CD and to create a prediction model.

Methods: The patients who underwent intestinal resection for CD between April 2008 and April 2017 and took endoscopic evaluation between 6 and 12 months after surgery were retrospectively analyzed.

Factors predictive of high-output ileostomy: a retrospective single-center comparative study.

Purpose: High-output syndrome (HOS) is a complication of ileostomy, which can affect quality of life significantly; however, its exact cause remains unknown. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency, as well as the preoperative and intraoperative factors predictive of HOS.

Methods: The subjects of this study were 164 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery with ileostomy construction at our institute between January, 2011 and August, 2018.

Fatty Acid β-Oxidation-dependent and -independent Responses and Tumor Aggressiveness Acquired Under Mild Hypoxia.

Background/aim: The present study assessed whether and how tumor cells undergoing hypoxia contribute to disease progression after moving to areas with different oxygen conditions.

Materials And Methods: Human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells cultured under mild hypoxia were subjected to in vivo experiments using transfer to immunodeficient murine recipients and to in vitro experiments using pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO).

Results: Bone involvement and hepatic metastases were accelerated in transfer models of hypoxically cultured HCT116 cells.

ELK1 promotes urothelial tumorigenesis in the presence of an activated androgen receptor.

We have recently demonstrated that ELK1, a transcription factor that triggers downstream targets including proto-oncogene, promotes the growth of bladder cancer cells possessing a functional androgen receptor (AR). We here assessed the function of ELK1, as well as the efficacy of a selective α1A-adrenergic blocker silodosin that has been shown to inhibit ELK1 activity in bladder cancer cells, in urothelial tumorigenesis. The level of ELK1 expression in an immortalized normal urothelial cell line SVHUC stably expressing wild-type AR (SVHUC-AR) was considerably higher than that in AR-negative SVHUC-vector cells, which was induced further or reduced by dihydrotestosterone or silodosin treatment, respectively.

Expression of erythropoietin messenger ribonucleic acid in wild-type MED12 uterine leiomyomas under estrogenic influence: new insights into related growth disparities.

Objective: To determine factors that impact erythropoietin (EPO) production in leiomyomas. We have previously implicated EPO production in promoting the growth of some leiomyomas.

Design: The relationship between EPO messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and MED12 gene mutations or mRNA expression levels of high-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) 1 and HMGA2 were analyzed.

A novel prognostic prediction model for recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer after curative resection.

The present study aimed to clarify the risk factors for recurrence of stage II colon cancer in patients and to determine possible treatment options for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. A prediction model for recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer after curative surgical resection was developed. The present study retrospectively investigated 436 patients who underwent curative resection for stage II colon cancer at Osaka International Cancer Institute and Yao Municipal Hospital between 2004 and 2012.

Cancer stem cells in relation to treatment.

The classical cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can initially show good results and tumor shrinkage; however, for most cancer patients disease recurrence is a common event. This tumor regrowth following therapy is now thought to depend on a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which, similar to other stem cells, have the capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Cancer stem cells have been identified based on cell surface protein expression in many tumor types, and for all diseases studied, this specific cell population is required for serial transplantation in animal models.

Sox2 is associated with cancer stem-like properties in colorectal cancer.

Sox2 is known as the undifferentiated cell marker. Recent studies have shown that Sox2 may also be involved in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in skin and bladder cancers. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of Sox2 in colorectal CSCs.

Negative Thermal Magnetoresistivity as a Signature of a Chiral Anomaly in Weyl Superconductors.

We propose that the chiral anomaly of Weyl superconductors gives rise to negative thermal magnetoresistivity induced by emergent magnetic fields, which are generated by vortex textures of order parameters or lattice strain. We establish this scenario by combining the argument based on Berry curvatures and the quasiclassical theory of the Eilenberger equation with quantum corrections arising from inhomogeneous structures. It is found that the chiral anomaly contribution of the thermal conductivity exhibits characteristic temperature dependence, which can be a smoking-gun signature of this effect.

Long-term outcomes following restorative proctocolectomy ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients: Multicenter national study in Japan.

Background: Few studies have investigated surgical outcomes following a colectomy in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Purpose: This study aimed to determine long-term outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric patients who underwent proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for UC.

Methods: Pediatric patients (<17 years old) who underwent surgery at 12 different hospitals in Japan between May 1979 and March 2015 were included in this study.

Innate Myeloid Cell Subset-Specific Gene Expression Patterns in the Human Colon are Altered in Crohn's Disease Patients.

Background/aims: There is a heterogeneous subset innate myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in the human intestinal lamina propria. Several studies have demonstrated that these cells contribute to the maintenance of gut homeostasis through the induction of inflammatory responses and tolerance via cell type-specific mechanisms; whereas, disrupted innate immune responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, the detailed mechanisms by which each innate myeloid subset regulates gut homeostasis and inflammation largely remain unknown.

Normalization of abnormal plasma amino acid profile-based indexes in patients with gynecological malignant tumors after curative treatment.

Background: We developed a novel plasma amino acid profile-based index (API) to detect ovarian, uterine, cervical, and endometrial cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether abnormal API values could be normalized after curative treatment in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.

Methods: Patients with gynecological cancer with abnormal API values were included in this study.

Structure of glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase (MDH3) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a carbohydrate and energy metabolism enzyme in eukaryotes, catalyzes the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate (OAA) in conjunction with that of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH. Three isozymes of MDH have been reported in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: MDH1, MDH2 and MDH3. MDH1 is a mitochondrial enzyme and a member of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, whereas MDH2 is a cytosolic enzyme that functions in the glyoxylate cycle.

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy on the diagnosis of subepithelial tumors: A propensity score-matching analysis.

Background And Aim: Immunohistological evaluations are essential for diagnosing subepithelial tumors (SET). However, endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needles is limited in its ability to procure core tissue for immunostaining. Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles may mitigate this limitation.

Safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Introduction: This study retrospectively investigated the safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) based on the experiences within our department.

Methods: A total of 866 patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and acute appendicitis at Osaka University during the study period. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery cases were collected from the Osaka University database.

Benefits of using a self-expandable metallic stent as a bridge to surgery for right- and left-sided obstructive colorectal cancers.

Purpose: To assess the benefit of placing a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer (OCRC) according to the tumor site.

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective multicenter cohort study were 201 patients with OCRC, but without initial bowel perforation, who were treated either with a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery (n = 109) or with primary surgery (PS; n = 92) between 2014 and 2016. The cohort consisted of 68 patients with right-sided and 133 left-sided OCRC.

The Supercarbonate Apatite-MicroRNA Complex Inhibits Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. Nucleic acid-based medicine has potential as a next-generation treatment, but it is rarely successful with IBD. The aim of this study was to establish a microRNA-based therapy in an IBD model.