Improving HIV preexposure prophylaxis uptake with artificial intelligence and automation: a systematic review.

Objectives: To identify studies promoting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) or automation with HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and explore ways for AI to be used in PrEP interventions.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: We searched in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Synthesis database through November 2023; PROSPERO (CRD42023458870).

Strategies to Eliminate Inequity in PrEP Services in the US South and Rural Communities.

Inequity in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care in the US South and rural communities is likely attributed to Social Determinants of Health and structural issues beyond individuals' control. We describe three approaches to modify PrEP care practice models to make access easier-"normalizing," "digitalizing," and "simplifying." "Normalizing" approaches are defined as practice models where medical providers who have access to PrEP candidates prescribe PrEP routinely (e.

Continuous monitoring of activity and vital signs with load cells under the bed legs in advanced cancer patients: a prospective exploratory observational study-can it represent performance status?

Background: Activity levels of patients often scaled as performance status (PS) is the most important scale in oncology populations for treatment decisions and prognosis prediction. However, it is usually subjective and open to bias. The need for more objective and reliable assessment tools is mandatory for safe and effective oncology practice.

Systematic review of alternative HIV preexposure prophylaxis care delivery models to improve preexposure prophylaxis services.

Objectives: To identify types, evidence, and study gaps of alternative HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care delivery models in the published literature.

Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Methods: We searched in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) database through December 2022 (PROSPERO CRD42022311747).

What Factors Are Associated With Willingness to Use HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among U.S. Men Who Have Sex With Men Not on PrEP? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV, is becoming more widely available in the United States since the Federal Drug Administration approved it in 2012. However, PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) is still limited and many MSM who are willing to take PrEP are not on PrEP. We performed a systematic review to identify factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among MSM who are not on PrEP.

Utilization of HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment Services Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons of Color in the U.S. South: A Qualitative Analysis.

To better understand utilization of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services by young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender persons (YTG), of Black race or Hispanic/Latino/Latina ethnicity in the U.S. South, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 127 clients at one of four community based organizations (CBOs) in Miami, Atlanta, New Orleans/Baton Rouge, or Columbia, South Carolina.

Reducing Homelessness among Persons with HIV: An Ecological Case Study in Delaware.

Introduction: Among persons with HIV (PWH), homelessness is associated with poorer health. From 2009-2014, national HIV prevention goals included a reduction in homelessness among PWH. We sought to examine social ecological factors associated with homelessness among PWH at a sub-national level during that period.

Strategies to improve HIV care outcomes for people with HIV who are out of care.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five intervention strategies: patient navigation, appointment help/alerts, psychosocial support, transportation/appointment accompaniment, and data-to-care on HIV care outcomes among persons with HIV (PWH) who are out of care (OOC).

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched CDC's Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project's cumulative HIV database to identify intervention studies conducted in the U.

Health Care Providers' Views on Clinic Infrastructure and Practice Models That May Facilitate HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Prescribing: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention tool. Increasing PrEP use among populations disproportionately affected by HIV is one of the key efforts in the United States' Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative and the HIV National Strategic Plan for the United States. Given that PrEP is available only through prescription, it is important to explore structural, organizational, or environmental factors that could facilitate or impede health care provider's PrEP prescribing behavior.

Restricting Access: A Secondary Analysis of Scope of Practice Laws and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in the United States, 2017.

To assess advanced practitioners' scope of practice laws (i.e., legal authority providers can prescribe regulated medications) as potential barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), we conducted an analysis using IQVIA Real World Data in association with scope of practice law classifications supplied by the American Association of Nurse Practitioners and scopeofpracticepolicy.

Effects of opioids on respiration assessed by a contact-free unconstraint respiratory monitor with load cells under the bed in patients with advanced cancer.

Nocturnal periodic breathing of chronic opioid users has been predominantly documented by the use of polysomnography. No previous studies have assessed the opioid effects of respiratory rhythms throughout the day without the use of physical restraint. We recently developed a contact-free unconstraint vital sign monitoring system with four load cells placed under the bed legs, which allows continuous measurements of respiratory change at the center of gravity on the bed.

Toward An Enhanced Understanding of HIV Patient Navigation as a Health Care Intervention: An Analysis of Navigation in Practice.

Patient navigation is a promising strategy for improving health among persons with multiple barriers to HIV care, yet little is known about navigation's core components. From 24 systematically identified navigation studies, we abstracted navigators' activities, grouped activities into 20 thematic activity categories, and ordered them by frequency. Subsequently, Principal Components Analysis of activity categories was used identify independent clusters.

HIV Patient Navigation in the United States: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Navigators' Experiences.

Patient navigation is increasingly used to link and (re)engage persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to care. A more holistic understanding of patient navigation can be achieved by exploring the experiences of navigators, the persons who comprise half of the navigation process. We conducted a meta-synthesis of navigator experiences with HIV patient navigation using a phenomenological approach.

Is Patient Navigation Used by People with HIV Who Need It? An Assessment from the Medical Monitoring Project, 2015 - 2017.

We (1) estimated the prevalence of not getting patient navigation despite feeling a need for the service (unmet subjective need) or despite having unsuppressed viral load (unmet objective need) among people with HIV (PWH), (2) determined reasons why PWH did not use the service, and (3) determined factors associated with unmet need for patient navigation. We used combined data from the 2015 to 2017 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of adults with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States. Six percent reported unmet subjective need and 28% had unmet objective need for patient navigation.

Mapping the Study Characteristics and Topics of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Literature: A Scoping Review.

Since WHO released the first PrEP guidance in 2012, the PrEP research literature has rapidly increased, but PrEP uptake is still low. To identify research gaps, this scoping review describes study characteristics, identifies populations, and maps study topics in PrEP publications. We identified 561 PrEP primary studies published in English between 2006 and 2018.

Client Perspectives and Experiences With HIV Patient Navigation in the United States: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

Patient navigation is increasingly utilized to link and (re)engage persons with HIV to care. Understanding client experiences with HIV patient navigation can facilitate intervention design and translation of evidence to practice. We conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis of client experiences with HIV patient navigation.

Mapping the study topics and characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis research literature: a protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: The research literature addressing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased considerably over the last decade. To better understand the research areas and explore research gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to map study topics and describe study characteristics and populations in publications focused on PrEP. The purpose of this protocol is to describe planned methods for the scoping review.

Is co-location of services with HIV care associated with improved HIV care outcomes? A systematic review.

This systematic review identifies models of service co-location, a structural intervention strategy to remove barriers to HIV care and services, and examines their associations with HIV care outcomes. A cumulative database (e.g.

Is HIV patient navigation associated with HIV care continuum outcomes?

Objective: To provide the first systematic review on the associations between HIV patient navigation and HIV care continuum outcomes (i.e. linkage to care, retention in care, antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake, medication adherence, and viral suppression) in the United States.

Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Transgender Women Receiving HIV Medical Care in the United States.

Purpose: We examined factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among transgender women living with HIV (TWLWH).

Methods: We used combined data from the 2009 to 2013 cycles of Medical Monitoring Project, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving HIV medical care in the United States. Rao-Scott chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with dose adherence (defined as taking 100% of prescribed ART doses in the past 3 days).

Characteristics of Transgender Women Living with HIV Receiving Medical Care in the United States.

Purpose: Little has been reported from population-based surveys on the characteristics of transgender persons living with HIV. Using Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) data, we describe the characteristics of HIV-infected transgender women and examine their care and treatment needs.

Methods: We used combined data from the 2009 to 2011 cycles of MMP, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States, to compare demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, and met and unmet needs for supportive services of transgender women with those of non-transgender persons using Rao-Scott chi-square tests.