Impact of COVID-19 versus other pneumonia on in-hospital mortality and functional decline among Japanese dialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects both life and health. However, the differentiation from other types of pneumonia and effect of kidney disease remains uncertain. This retrospective observational study investigated the risk of in-hospital death and functional decline in ≥ 20% of Barthel Index scores after COVID-19 compared to other forms of pneumonia among Japanese adults, both with and without end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Central diabetes insipidus with anti-rabphilin-3A antibody positivity causing hypovolemic shock after resection of tumorous lesions in the pelvic cavity.

A 36-year-old female was pointed out to have liver enzyme elevation by routine health checkup. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan identified gigantic uterine fibroids and retroperitoneal tumor. She was referred to the gynecologist at JA Toride Medical Center and planned to undergo a uterus enucleation and biopsy of the retroperitoneal tumor.

PD-1 Primarily Targets TCR Signal in the Inhibition of Functional T Cell Activation.

Cancer-immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) activates tumor-specific T cells and provides clinical benefits in various cancers. However, the molecular basis of PD-1 function is still enigmatic. Especially, it is unclear which signaling pathway PD-1 primarily targets.

PD-1 efficiently inhibits T cell activation even in the presence of co-stimulation through CD27 and GITR.

Cancer immunotherapies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 revolutionized cancer treatment and instigated various trials to develop new cancer immunotherapies with higher therapeutic efficacy. Agonistic Abs against tumor necrosis factor receptor super family (TNFRSF) molecules are highly expected due to their high potential to enhance survival, proliferation, and effector function of T cells. To date, agonistic antibodies (Abs) against CD27, GITR, OX40, and 4-1BB have been reported to increase the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in animal models and clinical trials of these combinatorial therapies are underway.