Publications by authors named "Mizuki Sudo"

Introduction: Acute exercise improves cognitive performance. However, it remains unclear what triggers cognitive improvement. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) facilitates the examination of physiological changes derived from peripheral muscle contraction during exercise.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combination of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and cycling exercise is beneficial for improving cognitive performance. Eighteen participants (7 females and 11 males) performed a Go/No-Go task before and 2 min after i) cycling exercise (EX), ii) a combination of EMS and cycling (EMS + EX) and iii) a control (rest) intervention in a randomized controlled crossover design. In the EX intervention, the participants cycled an ergometer for 20 min with their heart rate maintained at ∼120 beats·min.

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Acute cardiovascular physical exercise improves cognitive performance, as evidenced by a reduction in reaction time (RT). However, the mechanistic understanding of how this occurs is elusive and has not been rigorously investigated in humans. Here, using positron emission tomography (PET) with [ C]raclopride, in a multi-experiment study we investigated whether acute exercise releases endogenous dopamine (DA) in the brain.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cmah is an enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc, which is linked to increased inflammation and cellular aging in fat tissues.
  • The study used old mice (Cmah KO and WT) to assess metabolic parameters and cellular aging, finding that Cmah KO mice had improved metabolism and reduced cellular senescence in fat tissues.
  • Results showed that Cmah KO mice experienced higher energy expenditure, lower insulin levels after glucose intake, and decreased lipid droplets in the liver compared to WT mice.
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Environmental enrichment (EE) for rodents involves housing conditions that facilitate enhanced sensory, cognitive, and motor stimulation relative to standard housing conditions. A recent study suggested that EE induces muscle hypertrophy. However, it remains unclear whether muscle hypertrophy in EE is associated with voluntary physical activity, and the characteristics of muscle adaptation to EE remain unclarified.

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Article Synopsis
  • Acute moderate-intensity exercise is known to improve cognitive performance, but the effects of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognition are less understood.
  • This review summarizes factors that influence cognitive performance during high-intensity exercise, emphasizing the timing of tasks and the dual-task challenge.
  • Interactions involving blood flow, oxygenation, and neurotransmitters may play a critical role in how high-intensity exercise affects cognitive abilities, which is important for activities that demand both mental and physical effort.
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The role of peripheral biomarkers following acute physical exercise on cognitive improvement has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to explore the role of peripheral circulating biomarkers in executive performance following acute aerobic and resistance exercise. Nineteen healthy males completed a central executive (Go/No-Go) task before and after 30-min of perceived intensity matched aerobic and resistance exercise.

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Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) induces involuntary muscle contraction. Several studies have suggested that EMS has the potential to be an alternative method of voluntary exercise; however, its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) when applied to large lower limb muscles are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMS on CBF, focusing on whether the effects differ between the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries.

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Virtual reality (VR) technology combined with exercise, called VR exercise, is believed to have beneficial effects on mood; but VR factors contributing to improved mood remain ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual flow speed on psychophysiological responses (i.e.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the link between cognitive performance impairments and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) during high-intensity exercise.
  • - 17 healthy males completed cognitive tasks under different conditions: during exercise and while breathing CO2, as well as a non-exercising control group.
  • - Results showed that while CBF increased with CO2, cognitive performance was still impaired during high-intensity exercise, suggesting that reduced CBF is not the cause of cognitive issues in this context.
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Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed to impair cognitive performance. The detrimental effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance are primarily dependent on the severity and duration of exposure.

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Key Points: DNA methylation may play an important role in regulating gene expression in skeletal muscle to adapt to physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass; however, it is unclear whether nNOS expression is regulated by DNA methylation. We found that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels and downregulated nNOS gene expression in atrophic slow-twitch soleus muscle from the mouse leg.

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Eccentric (ECC) contraction-induced muscle damage is associated with calcium ion (Ca) influx from the extracellular milieu through stretch-activated channels. It remains unknown whether Ca influx consequent to repetitive ECC contractions is nonuniform across different muscle regions. We tested the hypothesis that there are regional differences in Ca entry along the proximal-middle-distal muscle axis.

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Acute exercise has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function. In contrast, severe hypoxia can impair cognitive function. Hence, cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia may be determined by the balance between the beneficial effects of exercise and the detrimental effects of severe hypoxia.

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Purpose: Findings concerning the effects of exhaustive exercise on cognitive function are somewhat equivocal. The purpose of this study was to identify physiological factors that determine executive function after exhaustive exercise.

Methods: Thirty-two participants completed the cognitive tasks before and after an incremental exercise until exhaustion (exercise group: N = 18) or resting period (control group N = 14).

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Introduction: We recently developed an animal model to investigate the effects of eccentric contraction (ECC) and blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle tissue at the cellular level. This study clarified the effects of repeated BFR, ECC, and BFR combined with ECC (BFR+ECC) on muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups: BFR, ECC, and BFR+ECC.

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Previous studies have shown that an enriched environment (EE) has an important effect on brain function via the neuronal nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (nNOS/NO) pathway in young and aged animals. However, whether EE induces its effect by altering nNOS expression levels and whether it lowers anxiety-like behaviors in aged mice remains unclear. Here, we show that nNOS expression levels increased with age in the hippocampus and cerebellum in aged mice, but not in the cortex.

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Recently, we proposed that strenuous exercise impairs peripheral visual perception because visual responses to peripheral visual stimuli were slowed during strenuous exercise. However, this proposal was challenged because strenuous exercise is also likely to affect the brain network underlying motor responses. The purpose of the current study was to resolve this issue.

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It has been suggested that breakfast omission, as opposed to breakfast consumption, has the detrimental effects on cognitive function. However, the effects of acute exercise following breakfast omission on cognitive function are poorly understood, particularly during exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of breakfast and exercise on cognitive function.

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There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that resistance training exercise combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) increases muscle size and strength in humans. Eccentric contraction (ECC) frequently induces severe muscle damage. However, it is not known whether and to what extent muscle damage occurs following ECC + BFR due to the difficulty of conducting definitive invasive studies.

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Background: Heat stress potentially has detrimental effects on brain function. Hence, cognitive function may be impaired during physical activity in a hot environment. Skin cooling is often applied in a hot environment to counteract heat stress.

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It has been suggested that acute exercise improves cognitive function. However, little is known about how exercise under hypoxia affects cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to determine if hypoxia alters working memory and executive function during prolonged exercise.

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Introduction: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an inherited disorder involving β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAO), which leads to rhabdomyolysis and subsequent acute renal failure. The detailed mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain unknown; however, the availability of relevant human cell types for investigation, such as skeletal muscle cells, is limited, and the development of novel disease models is required.

Methods: We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of a Japanese patient with CPT II deficiency.

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Increasing evidence suggests that cognitive function improves during a single bout of moderate exercise. In contrast, exercise under hypoxia may compromise the availability of oxygen. Given that brain function and tissue integrity are dependent on a continuous and sufficient oxygen supply, exercise under hypoxia may impair cognitive function.

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