Optimal Therapy for Postoperative Recurrence: Does Salvage Radiation Work for Locoregional Recurrence?

Background/aim: Survival outcomes in patients with successfully resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. Furthermore, the best treatment strategy for postoperative locoregional recurrence has not been established.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent R0 resection of NSCLC between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Epidemiology of adverse events related to sports among community people: a scoping review.

Objectives: Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic.

Design: Scoping review.

Patterns and Incidence of Pneumonitis and Initial Treatment Outcomes with Durvalumab Consolidation Therapy after Radical Chemoradiotherapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become the standard of care. Single-center results were examined for treatment outcomes and patterns of pneumonitis in clinical practice. Patients with stage III NSCLC who underwent chemoradiotherapy at our institution (n = 150) were included.

Development of a Manufacturing Process toward the Convergent Synthesis of the COVID-19 Antiviral Ensitrelvir.

We describe the development of the practical manufacturing of Ensitrelvir, which was discovered as a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral candidate. Scalable synthetic methods of indazole, 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,5-triazinone structures were established, and convergent couplings of these fragments enabled the development of a concise and efficient scale-up process to Ensitrelvir. In this process, introducing a -cresolyl moiety successfully enhanced the stability of intermediates.

Analysis of adverse events related to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from a nationwide database of patient-safety accidents in Japan.

Although adverse events related to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been reported, epidemiological data on life-threatening events are insufficient to study the causes of such adverse events. Data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database were retrospectively analyzed. The adverse events extracted from this national database included events associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation reported between January 2010 and December 2021.

Countering hemorrhagic shock due to duodenal variceal rupture with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has become an important option for managing life-threatening, traumatic or non-traumatic, arterial bleeding. The use of REBOA in variceal hemorrhagic shock, however, has rarely been reported. A 54-year-old man with untreated alcoholic liver cirrhosis presented with hematochezia and altered mental status.

Sensorineural hearing dysfunction after discharge from critical care in adults: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Patients undergoing intensive care are exposed to risk factors for hearing impairment. This study assessed the worse changes in pure tone average (PTA) thresholds after intensive care and identified the factors associated with worse hearing function.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study, and included adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2014 and September 2019, who had regular pure tone audiometry performed before and after ICU admission.

Effect of Half-Heusler Interfacial Structure on Thermal Transport Properties of (Ti, Zr)NiSn Alloys.

The microstructure of the half-Heusler phase separation in half-Heusler (HH) MNiSn(M = Ti, Zr) intermetallic compounds has been investigated systematically in this study. Scanning electron microscopy observations from a range of (Ti, Zr)NiSn have revealed the HH single phase at high temperature formed into many HH domains of various HH compositions with different Ti/Zr concentration ratios when > 0.1.

The association between ERK inhibitor sensitivity and molecular characteristics in colorectal cancer.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in the colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, being supposed to be activated by the gene mutations, such as BRAF or KRAS. Although the inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) have demonstrated efficacy in the cells with the BRAF or KRAS mutations, a clinical response is not always associated with the molecular signature. The patient-derived organoids (PDO) have emerged as a powerful in vitro model system to study cancer, and it has been widely applied for the drug screening.

Impact of superselective intra-arterial and systemic chemoradiotherapy for gingival carcinoma; analysis of treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.

Background: We compared outcomes and toxicities between concurrent retrograde super-selective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (IACRT) and concurrent systemic chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) for gingival carcinoma (GC).

Methods: We included 84 consecutive patients who were treated for non-metastatic GC ≥ stage III, from 2006 to 2018, in this retrospective analysis (IACRT group: n = 66; SCRT group: n = 18).

Results: The median follow-up time was 24 (range: 1-124) months.

Etiology and mortality in severe acute pancreatitis: A multicenter study in Japan.

Background/objectives: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has a high mortality rate despite ongoing attempts to improve prognosis through a various therapeutic modalities. This study aimed to delineate etiology-based routes that may guide clinical decisions for the treatment of SAP.

Methods: Using data from a recent retrospective multicenter study in Japan, we analyzed the association between clinical outcomes, mainly in-hospital mortality and pancreatic infection, and various etiologies while considering confounding factors.

Conformational heterogeneity in apo and drug-bound structures of Toxoplasma gondii prolyl-tRNA synthetase.

Prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) is a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family that drives protein translation in cells. The apicomplexan PRSs are validated targets of febrifugine (FF) and its halogenated derivative halofuginone (HF). PRSs are of great interest for drug development against Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii.

Unilateral loss of thoracic motion after blunt trauma: a sign of acute Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Late-onset Brown-Séquard syndrome (BSS) is a rare condition resulting from a spinal cord injury that develops weeks to years after a blunt trauma. Acute-onset BSS after a blunt injury has been rarely reported. Here, we report on a case of BSS, in a 58-year-old man, that developed immediately after a motor vehicle accident.

Radiation Therapy for Uterine Cervical Cancer With Lung Metastases Including Oligometastases.

Background/aim: To investigate the role and outcomes of radiation therapy (RT) for stage IVB uterine cervical cancer (UCC) patients with lung (oligo) metastases due to the lack of recent reports on the subject.

Patients And Methods: The cohort for this retrospective study comprised 23 consecutive patients with UCC (squamous cell carcinoma, n=13) and lung metastases who had received pelvic RT. Ten had lung metastases only, including 7 with oligometastases (≤4 lung metastases); the remaining 13 also had other distant metastases.

Outcome of postoperative radiation therapy for cholangiocarcinoma and analysis of dose-volume histogram of remnant liver.

The aim of this study was to analyze dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the remnant liver for postoperative cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, to find toxicity rates, and to confirm efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy (RT).Thirty-two postoperative CCA patients received partial liver resection and postoperative RT with curative intent. The "liver reduction rate" was calculated by contouring liver volume at computed tomography (CT) just before the surgery and at CT for planning the RT.

Acute and late toxicities in localized prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose I brachytherapy (110 Gy) in combination with external beam radiation therapy versus brachytherapy alone (160 Gy).

Purpose: The aim of this analysis was to compare acute and late toxicities between low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) (110 Gy) in combination with 45 Gy in 25 fractions external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and LDR-BT (160 Gy) alone for localized prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: One hundred five consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer treated from May 2014 to May 2017 were included in this retrospective analysis. Sixty patients received combination therapy and 45 patients received BT monotherapy.

Archaeal MutS5 tightly binds to Holliday junction similarly to eukaryotic MutSγ.

Archaeal DNA recombination mechanism and the related proteins are similar to those in eukaryotes. However, no functional homolog of eukaryotic MutSγ, which recognizes Holliday junction to promote homologous recombination, has been identified in archaea. Hence, the whole molecular mechanism of archaeal homologous recombination has not yet been revealed.

The Prognosis of Severe Acute Pancreatitis Varies According to the Segment Presenting With Low Enhanced Pancreatic Parenchyma on Early Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) according to the segment presenting with low enhanced pancreatic parenchyma (LEPP) on early contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at 44 institutions in Japan. Patients diagnosed as having SAP according to the Japanese Severity Score between January 2009 and December 2013 were included.

An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) Hospitals, Wildfires Highest Priority.

Unlabelled: Introduction Although many studies have delineated the variety and magnitude of impacts that climate change is likely to have on health, very little is known about how well hospitals are poised to respond to these impacts. Hypothesis/Problem The hypothesis is that most modern hospitals in urban areas in the United States need to augment their current disaster planning to include climate-related impacts.

Methods: Using Los Angeles County (California USA) as a case study, historical data for emergency department (ED) visits and projections for extreme-heat events were used to determine how much climate change is likely to increase ED visits by mid-century for each hospital.

Effect of strontium ions on calcification of preosteoblasts cultured on porous calcium- and phosphate-containing titanium oxide layers formed by micro-arc oxidation.

Strontium (Sr) ions were added to calcium- and phosphate-containing porous titanium oxide layers formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) of titanium (Ti) substrates to improve their osseointegration. An MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast was used to evaluate the effect of the incorporated Sr species on cell calcification. Similar surface microporous morphologies of the oxide layers were observed for all specimens produced by MAO, while the contents of the incorporated Sr ions increased with increasing Sr concentrations in MAO electrolytes.

Histochemical Detection of Arylsulfatase Activity in Sea Urchin Embryos: (arylsulfatase/sea urchin embryo/histochemistry/electron microscopy).

Localization of arylsulfatase activity in the sea urchin embryo was determined histochemically by light and electron microscopy. Histochemical observations by light microscopy revealed that the arylsulfatase activity appears after the gastrula stage and that it is restricted to the cells of the aboral ectoderm. The enzyme activity is mainly located in the apical cellular cytoplasm and is associated with lysosome-like structures that are frequently fused with yolk granules.