Successful treatment with low-dose oral steroids for contracted bladder after intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Introduction: Contracted bladder is a rare adverse effect of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation, with an incidence of 0.2-3.3%.

[A Case of Germ Cell Tumor in which Necrotic Tissue Revealed hCG-Positive in Surgical Specimen of Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection].

The patient was a 27-year-old male. In December 2020, he was diagnosed with a primary extragonadal germ cell tumor of the retroperitoneum with inferior vena caval (IVC) involvement. After 3 courses of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatinum and 3 courses of paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level remained abnormally low.

A multicenter, retrospective observational study investigating baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy.

Objective: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study investigated baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who received primary androgen deprivation therapy, using Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer registry data.

Methods: Among patients in the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer registry, those who initiated primary androgen deprivation therapy and were aged 20 years or older were enrolled in this study. The primary endpoint was time to disease progression, defined as time from primary androgen deprivation therapy initiation to either prostate-specific antigen or clinical progression.

Improved survival of poor-risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients: real-world data from a single institute in Japan.

Objectives: The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Update Consortium showed the improved survival of patients with a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor. We updated the survival data of the non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated at our hospital.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the outcomes of 138 patients treated in 1981-2018.

Association of Increased Age With Decreased Response to Intravesical Instillation of Bacille Calmette-Guérin in Patients With High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Retrospective Multi-Institute Results From the Japanese Urological Oncology Research Group JUOG-UC-1901-BCG.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation in older and younger patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The comparison was performed with propensity score matching (PSM) without terminating the death of the older patients using relatively large-scale retrospective data from multiple institutes in Japan.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 3283 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with intravesical BCG instillation during 2000-2018 in 31 institutes were examined; 1437 and 602 patients with high-grade T1 and Tis tumors were divided into those aged ≥75 and <75 years.

Efficacy of combined androgen blockade therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer stratified by tumor burden.

Objective: To determine the effect of combined androgen blockade with a first-generation anti-androgen on the prognoses of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients stratified by tumor burden.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy in 2008-2017 at 30 institutions in Japan. To compare the overall survival and progression-free survival rates of the patients treated with castration monotherapy and combined androgen blockade, we carried out a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using both inverse probability of treatment weighting and instrumental variables methods.

[Current Clinical Practice Pattern for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer(CRPC)in Japan].

Although various agents are reported against castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC), little is known about their actual clinical use in Japan. In this study, 484 patients diagnosed with CRPC during androgen-deprivation therapy were selected from Japan's leading multicenter collaborative research real-world database. The treatment details and prognosis were analyzed.

Rapid Response to Pembrolizumab in a Chemo-Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Cancer with Microsatellite Instability-High.

Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is highly chemo-sensitive cancer; however, there is no established treatment for TGCT relapsed after multiple chemotherapy. Although pembrolizumab showed durable stable disease in some patients, no reliable biomarker for predicting response is available. High microsatellite instability (MSI) is rare in chemo-naïve TGCT.

Primary Androgen-Depletion Therapy Prevails Not Only for Metastatic but Also for Nonmetastatic Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer in Japan-Recent Trends and Efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the real-world use of primary androgen-deprivation therapy(PADT; gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists[leuprorelin/goserelin]and antagonists[degarelix]/surgical castration), its clinical effectiveness, and the characteristics of Japanese patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with PADT.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, patients using PADT(≥1 record)in the 2016-2018 Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer registry were followed up from their initial date of PADT until October 2018. The primary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen( PSA)response rate(PSA<4 ng/mL)and duration of initial treatment.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula in testicular cancer: A fatal complication associated with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis.

A primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) has rarely been reported as a complication of testicular cancer. A 48-year-old Japanese male with relapsed retroperitoneal lymph node metastases received four courses of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP). On day 19 of the fourth cycle of TIP, he developed hematochezia and hypovolemic shock.

Dynamics of conditional survival and risk factors in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer using a multi-institutional Japan-wide database.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the conditional survival and prognostic factors in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer using the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer database.

Methods: Data on patients treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy between 2001 and 2003 from a nationwide database of the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer were used. The conditional 5-year progression-free rate, cancer-specific survival and overall survival, as well as the conditional mortality owing to prostate cancer and other causes were calculated as per subgroups.

Long-term outcomes of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer among Japanese men over 80 years old.

This study aimed to analyze the survival rate and to examine the risk of death from prostate cancer when accounting for competing risk of death, in men aged ≥80 y treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Data of patients with prostate cancer who had received ADT were extracted from a nationwide community-based database established by the Japan Study Group for Prostate Cancer. Prognostic variables, including progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and death rates were compared between men stratified by prostate cancer risk.

Recent trend of androgen deprivation therapy in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients: Comparing between high- and middle-income Asian countries.

The number of newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases varies across Asia, with higher mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in developing nations. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), alone or in combination, remains the mainstay of first-line treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Key findings of extensive research and randomized controlled trials have shaped current clinical practice and influenced clinical guideline recommendations.

Regional and facility disparities in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer from a multi-institutional Japan-wide database.

Objectives: To examine the differences in prognosis of prostate cancer patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy by region and facility type using a Japan-wide database.

Methods: Data on patients treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy between 2001 and 2003 from a nationwide community-based database established by the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer were obtained. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic variables, including progression, cancer-specific survival and overall survival, were compared according to region and facility type where the patients were treated.

Clinical features of multiply recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A single-center experience.

Background: To elucidate the clinicopathological features of multiply recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma referred to a tertiary center.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 40 patients with pathologically proven primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma treated between January 2015 and June 2019.

Results: The initial pathology was well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) in 23 patients, dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) in 15 patients, and myxoid liposarcoma in two patients.

Modified J-CAPRA scoring system in predicting treatment outcomes of metastatic prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

The J-CAPRA score is an assessment tool which stratifies risk and predicts outcome of primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) using prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, and clinical TNM staging. Here, we aimed to assess the generalisability of this tool in multi-ethnic Asians. Performance of J-CAPRA was evaluated in 782 Malaysian and 16,946 Japanese patients undergoing ADT from the Malaysian Study Group of Prostate Cancer (M-CaP) and Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer (J-CaP) databases, respectively.

Family history in primary hormone therapy for prostate cancer: Analysis from a community-based multi-institutional Japan-wide database.

Objectives: To determine the association between hormone therapy and outcomes in a cohort of prostate cancer patients with a family history of prostate cancer.

Methods: Data of patients with prostate cancer who had received hormone therapy were extracted from a nationwide community-based database established by the Japan Study Group for Prostate Cancer. Family history of prostate cancer was available for 13 346 of these patients, who thus comprised the study cohort.

The resonance® metallic ureteral stent in the treatment of malignant ureteral obstruction: a prospective observational study.

Background: To study the outcomes and experiences of using metallic stents in treating patients with malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO), we examined the effects of metallic ureteral stenting using the Cook Resonance® stent in the treatment of MUO.

Methods: All patients who had a Resonance metallic stent inserted between April 2015 and March 2018 at one of multiple facilities were prospectively observed with a 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was the patency rate of the metallic ureteral stent.

A single-institute experience of trimodal bladder-preserving therapy for histologic variants of urothelial carcinoma.

Background: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with histologic variants of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with trimodal bladder-preserving therapy (TMT).

Methods: Among 148 patients with clinical T2-3N0M0 MIBC treated with TMT at Tsukuba University Hospital from 1990 to 2015, 11 patients (7.4%) had pathological components of variant urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Report of the third Asian Prostate Cancer study meeting.

The Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) study is an Asia-wide initiative that was launched in December 2015 in Tokyo, Japan, with the objective of surveying information about patients who have received a histopathological diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and are undergoing treatment and clarifying distribution of staging, the actual status of treatment choices, and treatment outcomes. The study aims to clarify the clinical situation for PCa in Asia and use the outcomes for the purposes of international comparison. Following the first meeting in Tokyo in December 2015, the second A-CaP meeting was held in Seoul, Korea, in September 2016.

Combined androgen blockade achieved better oncological outcome in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: Analysis of community-based multi-institutional database across Japan using propensity score matching.

Background: This study investigated how differences in the method of the first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) affected the time to castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: The Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer compiled a nationwide community-based database on prostate cancer patients who underwent ADT. That database included 13 774 patients who were started on ADT by surgical or medical castration alone (monotherapy group, 5395 cases) or ADT in combination with a nonsteroidal anti-androgen (combined androgen blockade (CAB) group, 8379 cases).

Background factors and short-term health-related quality of life in patients who initially underwent radical prostatectomy or androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer in a Japanese prospective observational study (J-CaP Innovative Study-1).

Background: This prospective observational study elucidated the usefulness of hormonal therapy for localized prostate cancer. Background factors and the health-related quality of life in patients who initially underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) or primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) for localized prostate cancer are summarized.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged 67-76 years with clinical stage T1c or T2 localized prostate cancer treated with PADT or RP, a prostate-specific antigen concentration of <20 ng/mL, and Gleason score of ≤7 were included.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain differences as the basis for immunotherapies against bladder cancer.

In the past 40 years, intravesical immunotherapy with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin has been carried out as the most effective treatment for preventing local recurrences and tumor progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is a family of vaccines derived in 1921 by the in vitro attenuation of Mycobacterium bovis. Subsequently, bacillus Calmette-Guérin seed lots were spread around the world, and both phenotypic and genotypic differences among the strains have been compiled.