Fine bubble technology for the green synthesis of fairy chemicals.

Fairy chemicals (FCs), such as 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX), are a potential new class of plant hormones that are naturally present in plants and produced a novel purine metabolic pathway. FCs support plant resilience against various stresses and regulate plant growth. In this study, we developed a four-step method for synthesising AHX from 2-cyanoacetamide, achieving a good yield.

Tolerogenic Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivering Self-Antigen mRNA for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by autoantigen-responsive immune cells that disrupt the myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Although immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress symptoms, no definitive therapy exists. As in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, a partial sequence of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was identified as a causative autoantigen.

Reactivation of Anticancer Immunity by Resetting Interorgan Crosstalk in Immune-Suppressive Cells with a Nanoparticulated Anti-Inflammatory Drug.

The reactivation of anticancer immunity is a fundamental principle in cancer immunotherapy as evidenced by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While treatment with the ICIs is shown to have remarkable and durable therapeutic effects in the responders, the low objective response rate (<40%) continues to be a major problem. Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), heterogenous cells with strong immunosuppressive activity that originate in the hematopoietic system, suppress the anticancer immunity via parallel immune checkpoint-dependent and independent pathways, these cells are potential targets for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.