Japanese version of the Personal Outcomes Scale for persons with intellectual disability: Validity and reliability.

Background: The Personal Outcomes Scale is a measurement tool to examine quality of life among persons with intellectual disability. This paper addressed the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the scale using both self-reports and reports of others.

Method: Data were collected from 128 people with intellectual disability (90 men and 38 women;  = 37.

The quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability: Differences between Denmark and Japan.

Despite recent developments in measurement tools to assess the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability, little is known about the cultural aspects that affect their quality of life. This study examined the universal and cultural characteristics of the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability in Denmark and Japan through a factor analysis of the Personal Outcomes Scale and analysing qualitative comments in both and components of the scale. Factor analysis and qualitative comments in showed that and as well as well-being and social participation, were experienced as important components of quality of life in Denmark.