Author Correction: Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system.

The authors regret that Luba M. Pardo was omitted in error from the author list of the original version of this Data Descriptor. This omission has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.

Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system.

Rhesus macaque was the second non-human primate whose genome has been fully sequenced and is one of the most used model organisms to study human biology and disease, thanks to the close evolutionary relationship between the two species. But compared to human, where several previously unknown RNAs have been uncovered, the macaque transcriptome is less studied. Publicly available RNA expression resources for macaque are limited, even for brain, which is highly relevant to study human cognitive abilities.

PAPD5-mediated 3' adenylation and subsequent degradation of miR-21 is disrupted in proliferative disease.

Next-generation sequencing experiments have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in many different isoforms (isomiRs), whose biological relevance is often unclear. We found that mature miR-21, the most widely researched miRNA because of its importance in human disease, is produced in two prevalent isomiR forms that differ by 1 nt at their 3' end, and moreover that the 3' end of miR-21 is posttranscriptionally adenylated by the noncanonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD5. PAPD5 knockdown caused an increase in the miR-21 expression level, suggesting that PAPD5-mediated adenylation of miR-21 leads to its degradation.

A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas.

Regulated transcription controls the diversity, developmental pathways and spatial organization of the hundreds of cell types that make up a mammal. Using single-molecule cDNA sequencing, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce a comprehensive overview of mammalian gene expression across the human body. We find that few genes are truly 'housekeeping', whereas many mammalian promoters are composite entities composed of several closely separated TSSs, with independent cell-type-specific expression profiles.

NanoCAGE: a high-resolution technique to discover and interrogate cell transcriptomes.

Cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) is a method to identify the 5' ends of transcripts, allowing the discovery of new promoters and the quantification of gene activity. Combining promoter location and their expression levels, CAGE data are essential for annotation-agnostic studies of regulatory gene networks. However, CAGE requires large amounts of input RNA, which usually are not obtainable from highly refined samples such as tissue microdissections or subcellular fractions.