Three-dimensional motion of the toes with simulated contraction of individual toe flexors and extensors: A cadaver study.

Background: The primary motion of the toes is flexion and extension. The motion results from activity of multiple muscles, and toe disorders may result from muscle dysfunction. The relationships of specific muscles related to toe function is underreported.

Comparison of the three-dimensional bone morphology of the first proximal phalanx and first metatarsal between normal and hallux valgus foot using the homologous model technique.

Bone morphology is one of the factors involved in hallux valgus development. However, previous studies have not evaluated the overall bone shape in three dimensions. This study aimed to compare the overall shape of the first proximal phalanx and first metatarsal in hallux valgus with those of normal feet.

Three-dimensional motion analysis of the hindfoot resulting from simulated contraction of individual lower leg muscles utilizing Thiel-embalmed cadavers.

Background: Joint movement within the foot is complex involving multiple muscles. We evaluated three-dimensional movement of the hindfoot through simulated traction of extrinsic tendons of the foot.

Methods: Six Thiel-embalmed cadavers were utilized and thread was sutured to each tendon of the lower leg muscles.

Practical Report on Long-term Disaster Mental Health Services Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: Psychological and Social Background of Evacuees in Sendai City in the Mid- to Long-term Post-disaster Period.

Objective: The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage. To address evacuees' psychosocial issues, our disaster mental health team provided psychosocial support in the form of careful listening and providing information for reconstruction.

Methods: To summarize evacuees' psychosocial issues, we reviewed records of our daily activities and analyzed factors related to continuation or termination of support.

[Challenges faced by psychiatric services in Miyagi Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake].

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the number of patients with onset, relapse, and exacerbation of mental disorders was expected to increase in Miyagi Prefecture, one of the worst affected areas. The functioning of almost all psychiatric hospitals sharply declined or even ceased. This situation worsened with traffic congestion and crippled public transportation, hindering many patients with psychiatric disorders from accessing mental health services.