Publications by authors named "Mizowaki T"
Background And Purpose: Free-breathing computed tomography (FBCT) used in treatment planning for lower thoracic (Th8-Th12) spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can cause deviations between planned and irradiated doses due to diaphragm movement (DM). This study analyzed the dosimetric impact of DM on lower thoracic spine SBRT.
Materials And Methods: Data were collected from 19 patients who underwent FBCT and four-dimensional CT (4DCT) during the same session.
Purpose: To predict distant metastasis (DM) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma using delta-radiomics features calculated from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and non-CECT images.
Methods And Materials: Among 250 patients who underwent radiation therapy at our institution between February 2013 and December 2021, 67 patients were deemed eligible. A total of 11 clinical features and 3906 radiomics features were incorporated.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Partial mastectomy is an alternative to mastectomy in early-stage breast cancer to restore a poor quality of life (QOL). However, the aesthetic satisfaction with this procedure is inadequate.
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- Durvalumab has shown potential to enhance survival in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the optimal treatment duration is still unclear.
- This study analyzed 178 patients who received durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy, focusing on the ideal number of treatment cycles and examining survival rates.
- Results indicated that receiving 20 or more cycles significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival, suggesting that durvalumab should be administered for more than 6 months for better outcomes.
The role of external-beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.
Jpn J Clin Oncol
November 2024
The treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are surgery, thyroid stimulating hormone suppression, radioactive iodine, and multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The role of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for DTC is controversial because of the lack of randomized controlled trials, but prospective single-arm studies and propensity score matching analyses have shown its efficacy and safety. This review discusses the role of EBRT after resection of gross disease, when there is a high risk of locoregional failure, as well as its role for locoregionally gross recurrent and unresectable disease.
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- - The study examines factors that affect laryngo-esophageal dysfunction in hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy from 2007 to 2019.
- - Out of 80 patients, the median follow-up was 61 months, revealing a 5-year laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival (LDFS) rate of 47%.
- - Findings indicate that a clinical T4 stage and a lower prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are significant predictors of lower LDFS outcomes post-treatment.
Hyponatremia unleashes neutrophil extracellular traps elevating life-threatening pulmonary embolism risk.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2024
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), essential for controlling infections, can induce various pathologies when dysregulated. Known triggers for infection-independent NETs release exist, yet a comprehensive understanding of the conditions prompting such responses is lacking. In this study, we identify hyponatremia as an independent inducer of NETs release, a common clinical condition that disrupts sodium/calcium exchange within neutrophils.
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- * A phase III trial is being conducted to compare the effectiveness of re-irradiation using stereotactic body radiotherapy (24 Gy in 2 fractions) against conventional radiotherapy (8 Gy in one fraction) for pain relief from spinal metastases.
- * The study will enroll 158 patients from 33 hospitals in Japan over 3.5 years and is officially registered for tracking purposes.
Article Synopsis
- Thoracic bulky esophageal cancer can shrink during radiotherapy, altering the heart and lung's position and shape.
- The study investigated how different radiotherapy techniques (VMAT vs. 3DCRT) impact treatment effectiveness and organ safety in patients with locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer.
- Results showed that replanning radiotherapy based on tumor shrinkage led to better targeting and reduced radiation exposure to the heart and lungs, with VMAT being more effective than 3DCRT in minimizing heart doses.
Article Synopsis
- Radiation therapy is the standard treatment for localized gastric MALT lymphoma, and the study evaluated the use of the ETHOS system for adaptive radiation therapy (oART) guided by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
- A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 male patients, comparing different treatment plans (reference, scheduled, and adapted) to assess dose coverage and treatment times.
- Results showed that oART using adapted plans improved dose coverage for the target volumes and reduced radiation exposure to nearby organs, indicating better treatment precision for gastric MALT lymphoma.
Background/aim: The application of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer has recently garnered considerable interest, especially when regional lymph node irradiation (RNI), is extended to include the internal mammary node (IMN) region, along with whole-breast or chest wall irradiation. This study aimed to assess both acute and late toxicities, as well as breast cancer outcomes, during the observation period.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of VMAT in postoperative radiotherapy, including the IMN region, for patients with breast cancer at our hospital.
Background And Purpose: This study aims to externally validate a predictive model for distant metastasis (DM) with computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics features in prospectively enrolled non-small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing dynamic tumor-tracking stereotactic body radiation therapy (DTT-SBRT).
Materials And Methods: The study collected retrospective data from 567 patients across 11 institutions as the training dataset and prospectively enrolled 42 patients from four institutions as the external test dataset. Four clinical features were collected, and 944 CT-based radiomic features were extracted from gross tumor volumes.
Background: Spinal cord diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a relatively rare disease with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment.
Observations: A 45-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive paraplegia in both lower extremities, along with bladder and bowel disturbance. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a heterogeneously contrast-enhanced mass at the T1-4 levels.
Article Synopsis
- - This fourth edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer 2023 was developed by the Japanese Urological Association and involved experts from various related organizations, ensuring a comprehensive approach to prostate cancer management.
- - The guidelines emphasize the use of systematic reviews to inform recommendations for 14 specific clinical questions, with decisions made based on the collective input of 24 guideline development members.
- - A general statement outlines findings from literature searches on areas not covered by systematic reviews, with a focus on updates and changes since the last guidelines published in 2016.
The real-world benefits of adding androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and its optimal duration when combined with current standard high-dose radiation therapy (RT) remain unknown. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and toxicities associated with ADT in the setting of combination with high-dose RT for intermediate-risk (IR) and high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa). This article is a modified and detailed version of the commentary on Clinical Question 8 described in the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer (ver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients after renal transplantation are susceptible to secondary malignancies, including anal squamous cell carcinoma. Chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for anal squamous cell carcinoma; however, typical irradiation fields for anal cancer encompass a transplanted kidney located in the right iliac fossa, which causes complete renal dysfunction. Thus, typical irradiation fields are not feasible for this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (SRP) is a complication of thoracic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). As visual assessments pose limitations, artificial intelligence-based quantitative computed tomography image analysis software (AIQCT) may help predict SRP risk. We aimed to evaluate high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images with AIQCT to develop a predictive model for SRP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to identify systematic errors in measurement-, calculation-, and prediction-based patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) methods for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on lung cancer and to standardize the gamma passing rate (GPR) by considering systematic errors during data assimilation. This study included 150 patients with lung cancer who underwent VMAT. VMAT plans were generated using a collapsed-cone algorithm.
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- The study examines the effectiveness of salvage radiotherapy in patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy, focusing on factors that influence patient outcomes.
- It evaluated 67 patients from 2005 to 2019, finding a 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) rate of 47.1%, with key factors like PSA doubling time and surgical margins impacting survival rates.
- The research concludes that a PSA doubling time of less than 6 months and positive surgical margins predict worse outcomes for salvage radiotherapy, while no serious side effects were reported.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on acquiring accurate target positions during lung radiotherapy by using kilovoltage imaging while the radiation beam was being delivered.
- Researchers used special phantoms to evaluate image quality and detectability, testing various beam energies and frame rates to optimize the imaging process.
- Results showed that while there were some issues with image noise and quality, intra-irradiation imaging successfully allowed for good visibility of the target during treatment, indicating potential for further improvement.
Article Synopsis
- Machine- and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) is crucial for ensuring the safety and accuracy of radiotherapy, especially in advanced techniques like IMRT and VMAT.
- With the rise of AI technology, automated methods for segmentation and planning in radiotherapy are becoming prevalent, enhancing operational efficiency and treatment accuracy.
- The review article organizes various AI techniques for QA and discusses their current status and future directions in improving radiotherapy practices across multiple centers.
Article Synopsis
- The Lung-mol graded prognostic assessment (GPA) system is used to predict survival in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and this study aimed to validate its effectiveness using real patient data.
- A total of 339 NSCLC patients who received radiotherapy for brain metastases were analyzed, focusing on factors like age, performance status, and tumor type to see how well the Lung-molGPA scores predicted their survival.
- Results showed that most factors in the Lung-molGPA were linked to survival, with good predictive ability for both adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma patients, confirming its utility in assessing prognosis during radiotherapy.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to examine the spatial relationship between primary and recurrent prostate tumors after patients underwent external-beam radiation therapy using PSMA-targeted PET/CT scans.
- Researchers analyzed data from a previous trial focusing on recurrent prostate cancer detected through PET/CT and divided the prostate into 14 sections to assess overlap between tumors.
- Results showed that 25% of recurrent tumors were found at the same site as the primary tumor, while 41.7% had partial overlap, suggesting that recurrent tumors often arise near the original tumor location.
Background: The aim of this multi-institutional phase II study was to confirm the safety and the potential efficacy of moderately hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with prostate-based image-guidance for Japanese patients.
Methods: Patients with low- or intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer were eligible. Patients with a part of high risk (having only one of the following factors, cT3a, 20 < PSA ≤ 30, or GS = 8 or 9) were also included.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the safety and effectiveness of ultra-hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (WBI) in Japanese women with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.
- A total of 28 patients were enrolled, and the interim analysis focused on identifying acute adverse events (AEs) within three months post-treatment.
- Results showed that most AEs were mild, with no severe reactions; only one patient experienced moderate radiation dermatitis, suggesting that the treatment is safe and the study can continue.