Electrochemical, optical and mass-based immunosensors: A comprehensive review of Bacillus anthracis detection methods.

A biosensor is an analytical device whose main components include transducer and bioreceptor segments. The combination of biological recognition with the ligand is followed by transformation into physical or chemical signals. Many publications describe biological sensors as user-friendly, easy, portable, and less time-consuming than conventional methods.

Three Novel Bacteriophages, J5a, F16Ba, and z1a, Specific for , Define a New Clade of Historical Wbeta Phage Relatives.

is a potent biowarfare agent, able to be highly lethal. The bacteria dwell in the soil of certain regions, as natural flora. Bacteriophages or their lytic enzymes, endolysins, may be an alternative for antibiotics and other antibacterials to fight this pathogen in infections and to minimize environmental contamination with anthrax endospores.

Bacteriophages, phage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides - the possibilities for their common use to combat infections and in the design of new drugs.

The antibiotic resistance in many pathogenic bacteria has become a major clinical problem, therefore, the necessity arises to search for new therapeutic strategies. The most promising solution lies in bacteriophages, phage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this study is to review the possibilities for the common use of bacteriophages, phage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides, both in the form of combined therapies and new strategies for the production of peptide drugs.

Isolation of bacteriophages and their application to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic and biofilm models.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently identified as a cause of diverse infections and chronic diseases. It forms biofilms and has natural resistance to several antibiotics. Strains of this pathogen resistant to new-generation beta-lactams have emerged.

Bacteriophages as an alternative strategy for fighting biofilm development.

The ability of microbes to form biofilms is an important element of their pathogenicity, and biofilm formation is a serious challenge for today's medicine. Fighting the clinical complications associated with biofilm formation is very difficult and linked to a high risk of failure, especially in a time of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial species most commonly isolated from biofilms include coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.

Characterization of five newly isolated bacteriophages active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. It exhibits multiple mechanisms of resistance, including efflux pumps, antibiotic modifying enzymes and limited membrane permeability. The primary reason for the development of novel therapeutics for P.

Isolation and characterization of a novel bacteriophage φ4D lytic against Enterococcus faecalis strains.

In recent years, Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen capable of causing dangerous infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents to control this pathogen. Bacteriophages have very effective bactericidal activity and several advantages over other antimicrobial agents and so far, no serious or irreversible side effects of phage therapy have been described.

Characterization of a bacteriophage, isolated from a cow with mastitis, that is lytic against Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now the most commonly reported antibiotic-resistant bacterium in clinical settings. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents to control this pathogen. Bacteriophage therapy is a potential alternative treatment for MRSA infections.

[Sporicidal activity of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid against Bacillus anthracis spores].

The aim of the presented study was determined the effectiveness of sporicidal activity the peracetic acid and the hydrogen peroxide against B. anthracis spores. In the investigations was used B.

[Anthrax--continuous threat to humans and animals].

Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic bacterium Bacillus anthracis is an etiological agent of anthrax a disease very dangerous to humans and all warm-blooded animals. The spore forms are markedly resistant to unfavourable environmental extremes of heat, cold, desiccation, chemicals, irradiation etc. The vegetative forms characterised virulence factors: the antiphagocytic poly-gamma-D-polipeptide capsule and three proteins, edema factor (EF), lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA).

[Gamma radiation resistance of Bacillus anthracis spores].

The aim of the presented study was determined the effectiveness of action the gamma radiation on water suspension B. anthracis spores. The irradiation was performed using a Cobalt 60 (Co 60) source, by using single and fractionary irradiation doses.