The involvement of immunoproteasomes in induction of MHC class I-restricted immunity targeting Toxoplasma SAG1.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an indispensable role in inducing MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and was exploited in the development of a DNA vaccine against the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii by constructing a chimeric DNA encoding a fusion protein between murine ubiquitin and the toxoplasma antigen SAG1. The SAG1 peptide was promptly degraded in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) transfected with the chimeric DNA. Degradation, however, was hampered by incubating the APCs with the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin.

[Evaluation of beta-lactamase detection reagent with used HMRZ-86 for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo-beta-lactamase].

Currently, evidence related to infectious diseases and the nosocomial infection in hospitals with Gram-negative rods with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) is accumulating. Thereby, it will be very important to know quickly the resistant mechanisms for antibiotics in the treatment strategy of patients with infectious diseases in a clinical setting. Then, beta-lactamase detection reagent Cica beta-Test (Kanto Chemical, Tokyo) which used HMRZ-86 was evaluated.