Effects of prenatal group program in rural Tanzania: A quasi-experimental study.

Aim: This study conducted in rural Tanzania examined the effects of a midwife-led prenatal group program on: (1) improvement of knowledge of the physiological symptoms of pregnancy; (2) promotion of pregnancy-related empowerment; (3) enhancement of intention to self-care behaviors for safer childbirth; and (4) gaining satisfaction with antenatal care visits.

Methods: This work was a quasi-experimental study with a control group using a pre-post study design conducted in two district hospitals in Tanzania. Data were collected from 108 analyzed pregnant women from the prenatal group program (n = 54) and control program (n = 54) using questionnaires before (baseline) and after (endline) the program.

Heavy metals in slag affect inorganic N dynamics and soil bacterial community structure and function.

Heavy metal contamination of soil in the vicinity of mining sites is a serious environmental problem around the world when mining residue (slag) is dispersed as dust. We conducted an incubation experiment to investigate the effect of a slag containing high levels of Pb and Zn (62.2 and 33.