A Case Report of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Meningitis Due to Atezolizumab Treatment for Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to treat a variety of tumors. Despite their broad beneficial effects, these inhibitors can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and even death. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and meningitis, although infrequent, can be aggressive and life-threatening due to excessive immune activation.

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Japanese asthma patients.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs more commonly in asthma patients than in the general population because these conditions share some comorbidities. In Japan, the prevalence of OSA in the general population is reported to be approximately 20%; however, few reports have described the prevalence of OSA in asthma patients. Furthermore, the characteristics of Japanese patients with OSA and asthma are not clear.

Osimertinib for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma is said to be low. Thus far, only four cases of osimertinib in lung squamous cell carcinoma have been published. We experienced a case of EGFR mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma in which fifth-line treatment with osimertinib was effective after T790M EGFR mutation turned positive.

A familial case of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome complicated with various cancers.

An 89-year-old woman with small papules on her face presented to our hospital complaining of progressive dyspnoea. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral multiple lung cysts, a nodular opacity in the right lower lobe, and bilateral pleural effusion. She was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma.

Primary Pleural Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary pleural melanoma is an extremely rare neoplasm, and to the best of our knowledge, there have been only 8 case reports of this condition in the English literature. We herein report a rare case in which the cytological and immunocytochemical analyses of pleural fluid and ultrasonography (US)-guided biopsy of a pleural lesion were useful for the diagnosis primary pleural melanoma. This case highlights the importance of careful physical examinations, cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical analyses of pleural fluid, as well as the utility of US-guided biopsy of the pleural lesions in the diagnosis of primary pleural melanoma.

Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Japanese Man: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We herein report the case of a 37-year-old immunocompetent man who died from pneumonia (PCP). He was initially treated for an acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia; however, the elevation of the patient's serum (1-3) -D glucan (BG) level suggested the possibility of PCP and sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim was added. A postmortem pathological examination and retrospective Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) staining of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which was obtained on the day of admission, revealed PCP.

Repetitive saliva swallowing test and water swallowing test may identify a COPD phenotype at high risk of exacerbation.

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to present with dysphagia from an early stage. Dysphagia leads to swallowing-related complications, in turn leading to COPD exacerbation. Dysphagia screening is recommended; however little is known of its utility in detecting a COPD phenotype at risk for exacerbation.

A case of huge lymphatic and venous malformations of the mediastinum.

We herein report a case of huge lymphatic and venous malformations of the mediastinum (LVM). A 19-year-old man presented for evaluation of a mediastinal mass. On chest computed tomography, the mass demonstrated contrast enhancement and showed dilated veins draining into the superior and inferior vena cava, with multiple scattered calcifications.

"Pulmonary Actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade: a case report".

Background: Recently, it is reported that is the most common species causing actinomycosis. However, to our knowledge, there was no report about pulmonary actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade.

Case Presentation: Hereby we describe a case of pulmonary actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade.

Peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) presenting as an endobronchial lesion: Case report and literature review.

Peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a rare entity of lymphoma. We herein report an even rarer case of a 68-year-old male with PTCL-NOS presenting as an endobronchial lesion, and review previously published cases in the literature. Initially, he was referred to our hospital for further investigation of the right upper lobe consolidation on chest radiograph.

Miliary Tuberculosis in a Young Woman with Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We herein report a rare case of miliary tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) complicated with respiratory failure. A 19-year-old Japanese woman with a fever, general malaise, and chest radiograph abnormalities was referred to our hospital. After admission, she developed respiratory failure with pancytopenia.

A Community-acquired Lung Abscess Attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae which Extended Directly into the Chest Wall.

We herein report the case of 75-year-old Japanese female with a community-acquired lung abscess attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. penumoniae) which extended into the chest wall. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a painful mass on the left anterior chest wall.