The effects of exercise therapy for the improvement of jaw movement and psychological intervention to reduce parafunctional activities on chronic pain in the craniocervical region.

Purpose: Apparent organic abnormalities are sometimes not identified among patients suffering from chronic pain in the craniocervical region. In some cases, parafunctional activities (PAs) are recognized. PAs are nonfunctional oromandibular activities that include jaw clenching and bruxism, but are considered as factors that contribute to craniomandibular disorders (CMDs).

[Actual practice of nutritional education for patients with osteoporosis].

Patients with osteoporosis in Japan have two problems in nutrition. One is insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, and the other is improper nutritional balance which will result in "life-style related diseases" . Correction of these two problems should be the target of nutritional education for patients with osteoporosis.