Neuroprotective effects of Si-based hydrogen-producing agent on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in juvenile mouse model.

Neurotoxins have been extensively investigated, particularly in the field of neuroscience. They induce toxic damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation on neurons, triggering neuronal dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of a silicon (Si)-based hydrogen-producing agent (Si-based agent) in a juvenile neurotoxic mouse model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).

Early life stress impairs brain and mental development during childhood increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders.

In recent years, it has become known that stress in childhood, called early life stress (ELS), affects the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults. Child maltreatment (CM) is an inappropriate form of childcare that interferes with children's normal brain and mind development. Previous studies have reported that CM severely affects brain development and function.

Genomic Strategies for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Recent breakthroughs in sequencing technology and technological developments have made it easier to analyze the entire human genome than ever before. In addition to disease-specific genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations, epigenetic alterations in individuals can also be analyzed using genomics. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by genetic and/or environmental factors.

Evolution of the Human Brain Can Help Determine Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The evolution of humans brought about a co-occurring evolution of the human brain, which is far larger and more complex than that of many other organisms. The brain has evolved characteristically in humans in many respects, including macro-and micro-anatomical changes in the brain structure, changes in gene expression, and cell populations and ratios. These characteristics are essential for the execution of higher functions, such as sociality, language, and cognition, which express humanity, and are thought to have been acquired over evolutionary time.

Prenatal Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The internal and external environment of the mother during the developmental stages of the fetus affects the offspring's health. According to the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory, environmental factors influence the offspring and also affect health in adulthood. Recently, studies based on this theory have gained attracted attention because of their clinical utility in identifying the risk groups for various diseases.

Transient expansion of the expression region of Hsd11b1, encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, in the developing mouse neocortex.

Corticosteroids are stress-related hormones that maintain homeostasis. The most effective corticosteroids are corticosterone (CORT) in rodents and cortisol in primates. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1; EC 1.

Interstitial Axon Collaterals of Callosal Neurons Form Association Projections from the Primary Somatosensory to Motor Cortex in Mice.

Association projections from cortical pyramidal neurons connect disparate intrahemispheric cortical areas, which are implicated in higher cortical functions. The underlying developmental processes of these association projections, especially the initial phase before reaching the target areas, remain unknown. To visualize developing axons of individual neurons with association projections in the mouse neocortex, we devised a sparse labeling method that combined in utero electroporation and confocal imaging of flattened and optically cleared cortices.

Prospective study of hair recovery after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with scalp cooling in Japanese breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion to mitigate alopecia for breast cancer patients is becoming widespread; however, studies regarding hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling are limited. We conducted a prospective study of hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and seventeen Japanese female breast cancer patients who completed planned (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy using the Paxman Scalp Cooling System for alopecia prevention were evaluated for alopecia prevention in our prospective study.

Scalp cooling for hair loss prevention in female Japanese breast cancer patients receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion has been recently reported to have moderate efficacy in the mitigation of chemotherapy-induced alopecia; however, there are few reports on Asian patients. We aimed to clarify the effects of scalp cooling in Japanese women.

Patients And Methods: Female Japanese breast cancer patients who planned to receive (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy participated in this prospective study on the efficacy of scalp cooling using the Paxman Scalp Cooling System for alopecia prevention.

Is Expressed in Subplate Neurons With Unilateral Long-Range Inter-Areal Projections.

Subplate (SP) neurons are among the earliest-born neurons in the cerebral cortex and heterogeneous in terms of gene expression. SP neurons consist mainly of projection neurons, which begin to extend their axons to specific target areas very early during development. However, the relationships between axon projection and gene expression patterns of the SP neurons, and their remnant layer 6b (L6b) neurons, are largely unknown.

Action mechanism of bis(allixinato)oxovanadium(IV) as a novel potent insulin-mimetic complex: regulation of GLUT4 translocation and FoxO1 transcription factor.

Bis(allixinato)oxovanadium(IV), VO(alx)(2) (alx is 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pentyl-4-pyrone), has been reported to act as an antidiabetic agent in streptozotocin-induced type-1-like and obesity-linked KKA(y) type 2 diabetic model mice. VO(alx)(2) is also proposed as a candidate agent for treating metabolic syndromes in animals. However, its functional mechanism is yet to be clarified.