Successful Combination Therapy of Optic Canal Decompression and Steroid Administration for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in a 10-Year-Old Boy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a rare complication caused by head injury in children. TON treatment has employed conservative treatment, steroid administration, and surgical procedures; however, which treatment is preferable remains controversial. We herein present a case of a 10-year-old boy with a TON-complicated head injury after falling from a two-meter-high slide in a park.

Pilot study of humanized glypican-3-targeted zirconium-89 immuno-positron emission tomography for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeted radioisotope immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) may lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thus facilitating curative treatment, decreasing early recurrence, and enhancing patient survival. We previously demonstrated reliable HCC detection using a zirconium-89-labeled murine anti-GPC3 antibody (89Zr-αGPC3M) for immunoPET. This study evaluated the efficacy of the humanized antibody successor (αGPC3H) to further clinical translation of a GPC3-based theranostic for HCC.

Timing, Energy, and Spatial Characterization of Highly Sampled Monolithic PET Detectors with Different Thicknesses.

The HyPET project proposes a hybrid dedicated TOF-PET for prostate imaging, with pixelated detector blocks in the front layer and monolithic blocks in the back layer. In this work, four detector configurations have been experimentally evaluated for the rear detector layer. The detector configuration consists of LYSO monolithic blocks with the same size (25.

Surgical strategy for intracranial hemorrhage with accidental hypothermia in elderly individuals.

Background: Accidental hypothermia poses a significant threat to the elderly, and its prevalence might increase due to aging and increasing isolation of individuals in Japan. Here, a series of four consecutive cases of accidental hypothermia in elderly patients with intracranial hemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment at our institution is presented.

Case Description: All patients were admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage.

Innovations in Small-Animal PET Instrumentation.

Biomedical research has long relied on small-animal studies to elucidate disease process and develop new medical treatments. The introduction of in vivo functional imaging technology, such as PET, has allowed investigators to peer inside their subjects and follow disease progression longitudinally as well as improve understanding of normal biological processes. Recent developments in CRISPR, immuno-PET, and high-resolution in vivo imaging have only increased the importance of small-animal, or preclinical, PET imaging.

Novel Endourological technique for a better navigation in incontinent urinary diversion (ileal conduit) during Double J stent removal.

Introduction: Assessing ileal conduit for double J stents removal after radical cystectomy is not always a straightforward task as navigation inside the ileal loop can be challenging to manage due to the difficulty to maintain a waterfilled environment and its long and tortuous aspect.

Methods: We present a novel technique using a flexible ureteroscope that aims to ease this common demand with simple and readily available tools.

Results: This technique has been successfully utilized in 2 patients now.

Development of a novel purification method for AAV vectors using tangential flow filtration.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector can efficiently transduce therapeutic genes in various tissue types with less side effects; however, owing to complex multistep processes during manufacture, there have been surges in the pricing of recently approved AAV vector-based gene therapy products. This study aimed to develop a simple and efficient method for high-quality purification of AAV vector via tangential flow filtration (TFF), which is commonly used for concentration and diafiltration of solutions during AAV vector purification. We established a novel purification method using TFF and surfactants.

Clinical Images: Symmetrical Gyriform Restricted Diffusion in Severe Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome.

A 45-year-old woman with chronic depression and currently receiving dual serotonergic therapy was transferred to our department with sudden dysbasia; she also reported an antecedent thunderclap headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a symmetrical bilateral acute infarction in the medial parietal lobe and severe vasoconstriction in the cerebral arteries. We diagnosed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and stopped the serotonergic drug regimen.

5‑aminiolevulinic acid induces a radiodynamic effect with enhanced delayed reactive oxygen species production under hypoxic conditions in lymphoma cells: An study.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive type of intracranial tumor. However, PCNSL is radiosensitive; thus, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is often selected as an alternative consolidation therapy. WBRT-related delayed neurotoxicity can affect the quality of life of the elderly.

An Online Repository for Pre-Clinical Imaging Protocols (PIPs).

Providing method descriptions that are more detailed than currently available in typical peer reviewed journals has been identified as an actionable area for improvement. In the biochemical and cell biology space, this need has been met through the creation of new journals focused on detailed protocols and materials sourcing. However, this format is not well suited for capturing instrument validation, detailed imaging protocols, and extensive statistical analysis.

Timing, Energy, and 3-D Spatial Resolution of the BING PET Detector Module.

We evaluated the 3D spatial, energy, and timing resolution of the Brain (or Breast)-Initiative Next-Generation (BING) PET detector. The BING detector is an array of 1-mm-thick slats of LYSO scintillator with lapped specular-reflective faces (15-mm by 52-mm) that are stacked together and oriented with their long-narrow edges normal to the imaging field of view. Interaction positions are determined from the signals of silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays placed on the entrance (top) and exit (bottom) faces.

Targeted single-cell genomics reveals novel host adaptation strategies of the symbiotic bacteria Endozoicomonas in Acropora tenuis coral.

Background: Endozoicomonas bacteria symbiosis with various marine organisms is hypothesized as a potential indicator of health in corals. Although many amplicon analyses using 16S rRNA gene have suggested the diversity of Endozoicomonas species, genome analysis has been limited due to contamination of host-derived sequences and difficulties in culture and metagenomic analysis. Therefore, the evolutionary and functional potential of individual Endozoicomonas species symbiotic with the same coral species remains unresolved.

Radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated pneumonitis risk stratification in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: role of functional lung radiomics?

Background: Patients undergoing chemoradiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience pulmonary toxicity at higher rates than historical reports. Identifying biomarkers beyond conventional clinical factors and radiation dosimetry is especially relevant in the modern cancer immunotherapy era. We investigated the role of novel functional lung radiomics, relative to functional lung dosimetry and clinical characteristics, for pneumonitis risk stratification in locally advanced NSCLC.

Prognostic Value of Early Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Response Imaging and Peripheral Immunologic Biomarkers: Substudy of a Phase II Trial of Risk-Adaptive Chemoradiation for Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: We sought to examine the prognostic value of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging during chemoradiation for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer for survival and hypothesized that tumor PET response is correlated with peripheral T-cell function.

Methods And Materials: Forty-five patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer version 7 stage IIB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer enrolled in a phase II trial and received platinum-doublet chemotherapy concurrent with 6 weeks of radiation (NCT02773238). Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET was performed before treatment start and after 24 Gy of radiation (week 3).

Performance Characteristics of a Dual-Sided Position-Sensitive Sparse-Sensor Detector for Gamma-ray Imaging.

Purpose: We characterize the performance of a dualsided position-sensitive sparse sensor (DS-PS3) array detector for positron emission tomography (PET). The DS-PS3 detector is designed as a high performance, cost effective PET detector for organ-specific imaging systems (e.g.

Intra-arterial Contrast-enhanced Micro-computed Tomography Can Evaluate Intracranial Status in the Ultra-early Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

The endovascular perforation (EP) model is a common technique for experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats, simulating the pathophysiological features observed in the acute phase of SAH. Due to the drawbacks of large variations in the amount of bleeding, the results obtained from this model require severity evaluation. However, no less-invasive procedure could confirm the precise intracranial conditions immediately after establishing the rat EP model.

Reliability of Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Biomarkers for Classifying Early Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose Of The Report: We evaluated the reliability of 18F-FDG PET imaging biomarkers to classify early response status across observers, scanners, and reconstruction algorithms in support of biologically adaptive radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-one patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were prospectively enrolled on a phase 2 trial (NCT02773238) and underwent 18F-FDG PET on GE Discovery STE (DSTE) or GE Discovery MI (DMI) PET/CT systems at baseline and during the third week external beam radiation therapy regimens. All PET scans were reconstructed using OSEM; GE-DMI scans were also reconstructed with BSREM-TOF (block sequential regularized expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm incorporating time of flight).

Glypican-3 targeted delivery of Zr and Y as a theranostic radionuclide platform for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a tumor associated antigen expressed by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This preclinical study evaluated the efficacy of a theranostic platform using a GPC3-targeting antibody αGPC3 conjugated to zirconium-89 (Zr) and yttrium-90 (Y) to identify, treat, and assess treatment response in a murine model of HCC. A murine orthotopic xenograft model of HCC was generated.

Sensitivity analysis of FDG PET tumor voxel cluster radiomics and dosimetry for predicting mid-chemoradiation regional response of locally advanced lung cancer.

We investigated the sensitivity of regional tumor response prediction to variability in voxel clustering techniques, imaging features, and machine learning algorithms in 25 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) enrolled on the FLARE-RT clinical trial. Metabolic tumor volumes (MTV) from pre-chemoradiation (PETpre) and mid-chemoradiation fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) images (PETmid) were subdivided into K-means or hierarchical voxel clusters by standardized uptake values (SUV) and 3D-positions. MTV cluster separability was evaluated by CH index, and morphologic changes were captured by Dice similarity and centroid Euclidean distance.