Long-Term Survey of Japanese Children with Recurrent Nephroblastoma: A Report from Japan Children's Cancer Group.

In prospective Japanese studies of pediatric renal tumors, 5-year event-free survival and overall survival (OS) for patients with nephroblastoma ranges from 75-90% and 89-97%, respectively. However, treatments strategies for recurrent nephroblastoma in Japanese patients remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to inform the development of treatment strategies by analyzing the long-term results and side effects of salvage therapies for recurrent nephroblastoma in Japan.

Results of the JRS-I LRA0401 and LRB0402 Japan Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group trials for low-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Failure-free survival (FFS) rates of low-risk patients with rhabdomyosarcoma improved in Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV after the escalation of cyclophosphamide total dose to 26.4 g/m. However, this dose may increase the risk of adverse events, including infertility, in some patients.

Quality of palliative radiotherapy assessed using quality indicators: a multicenter survey†.

We sought to identify potential evidence-practice gaps in palliative radiotherapy using quality indicators (QIs), previously developed using a modified Delphi method. Seven QIs were used to assess the quality of radiotherapy for bone metastases (BoM) and brain metastases (BrM). Compliance rate was calculated as the percentage of patients for whom recommended medical care was conducted.

Who should receive single-fraction palliative radiotherapy for gastric cancer bleeding?: An exploratory analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study (JROSG 17-3).

Purpose: Although the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) has been used to predict survival in various cancers, to our knowledge, no study has examined its applicability in gastric cancer. This study aimed to determine the baseline PPI cutoff value for recommending single-fraction radiotherapy in patients with bleeding gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) 17-3, a multicenter prospective study of palliative radiotherapy for bleeding gastric cancer.

Treatment response after palliative radiotherapy for bleeding gastric cancer: a multicenter prospective observational study (JROSG 17-3).

Background: Palliative radiotherapy seems to be rarely performed for incurable gastric cancer. In this first multicenter study, we examined the effectiveness of palliative radiotherapy and investigated whether biologically effective dose (BED) is associated with survival, response, or re-bleeding.

Methods: Eligibility criteria included blood transfusion or hemoglobin levels < 8.

Patient-reported outcomes following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, external beam radiation, and adjuvant continuous/intermittent endocrine therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: A randomized phase III trial.

Background: We evaluated patient-reported outcomes (PRO) during neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by either adjuvant continuous ADT (CADT) or intermittent ADT (IADT) for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (Pca).

Methods: A multicenter, randomized phase III trial enrolled 303 patients with locally advanced Pca. The patients were treated with 6 months (M) of ADT followed by 72 Gy of EBRT, and were randomly assigned to CADT or IADT after 14 M.

Final analysis of a Multicenter Single-Arm Confirmatory Trial of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery in Japan: JCOG0906.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation for Asian women after breast-conserving surgery. This is an updated report with 5-year follow-up.

Methods And Materials: Asian women who had invasive breast cancer with clinical tumor size ≤3 cm, pN0-1c and negative inked margins were enrolled.

Palliative brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer: a nationwide survey in Japan.

Background: International guidelines recommend brachytherapy for patients with dysphagia from esophageal cancer, whereas brachytherapy is infrequently used to palliate dysphagia in some countries. To clarify the availability of palliative treatment for dysphagia from esophageal cancer and explain why brachytherapy is not routinely performed are unknown, this study investigated the use of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer.

Methods: Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group members completed a survey and selected the treatment that they would recommend for hypothetical cases of dysphagia from esophageal cancer.

Practice patterns for postoperative radiation therapy in patients with metastases to the long bones: a survey of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group.

Evidence regarding postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for metastases to the long bones is lacking. Characterizing the current practice patterns and identifying factors that influence dose-fractionation schedules are essential for future clinical trials. An internet-based survey of the palliative RT subgroup of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group was performed in 2017 to collect data regarding PORT prescription practices and dose-fractionation schedules.

Prognostic Value of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in T1-2N0M0 Glottic Cancer.

Objective: This is an ancillary study of a multi-institutional randomized non-inferiority phase III trial of accelerated fractionation (AF) versus standard fractionation (SF) radiation therapy for T1-2N0M0 glottic cancer (JCOG0701). Biopsy specimens of tumors from the patients enrolled in the JCOG0701 are collected and the association between clinical outcomes and histopathologic features such as expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), p53, and p16 were investigated.

Methods: Five slices of undyed slides from biopsy specimens were sent to the National Cancer Center Hospital and all the specimens were assessed for the expression of EpCAM, p53, and p16.

A phase II study of palliative radiotherapy combined with zoledronic acid hydrate for metastatic bone tumour from renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Palliative radiotherapy is the standard of care for bone metastases. However, skeletal-related events, defined as a pathologic fracture, paraplegia, surgery or radiotherapy for local recurrence, or severe pain in previously irradiated bone with radio-resistant histology type still present high incidence. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether zoledronic acid hydrate and palliative radiotherapy could prevent local skeletal-related events.

Oncological outcomes for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine and external-beam radiation therapy followed by adjuvant continuous/intermittent endocrine therapy in an open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial.

Background: To date, research has not determined the optimal procedure for adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) treated for 6 months with neoadjuvant ADT and external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods: A multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial enrolled 303 patients with locally advanced PCa between 2001 and 2006. Participants were treated with neoadjuvant ADT for 6 months.

Blastemal predominant type Wilms tumor in Japan: Japan Children's Cancer Group.

Background: Persistence of blastemal components after chemotherapy is a marker of poor outcome in Wilms tumor (WT). Recent reports from local Japanese areas have described pre-chemotherapy blastemal predominant type WT to also be a risk factor for relapse. The significance, however, of blastemal predominant WT remains to be evaluated in a larger study.

Effects of menstrual cycle on background parenchymal enhancement and detectability of breast cancer on dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI: A multicenter study of an Asian population.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the menstrual cycle on BPE and cancer detectability in an Asian population.

Material And Methods: 266 premenopausal patients with regular menstrual cycles from 24 centers were included, and 176 of them were diagnosed by pathology as having breast cancer. Thirty-five patients were examined in the menstrual phase (days 1-4), 105 in the proliferative phase (days 5-14), and 126 in the secretory phase (days 15-30).

A primary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, confirmatory trial of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery in Japan: JCOG0906.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation in Japanese women after breast-conserving surgery.

Methods: Japanese women who had invasive breast cancer with a clinical tumor size ≤3 cm, pN0-1c and a negative inked margin were enrolled. Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (42.

Outcome of renal tumors registered in Japan Wilms Tumor Study-2 (JWiTS-2): A report from the Japan Children's Cancer Group (JCCG).

Background: Japan Wilms Tumor Study-2 (JWiTS-2) mandated central pathology review for all case registrations. The study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with unilateral Wilms tumor enrolled on the JWiTS-1 and JWiTS-2 trials.

Procedure: The JWiTS-2 trial (2006-2014), a prospective, single-arm study, required compulsory submission of histologic slides to central pathology, while in the JWiTS-1 trial, such submission was not compulsory.

Significant changes of T2 value in the peripheral zone and seminal vesicles after ejaculation.

Objectives: To analyse the quantitative changes of the prostate and seminal vesicles (SV) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after ejaculation.

Methods: Ten healthy young males were enrolled for T2-weighted and T2 mapping MRI before and after two consecutive ejaculations. T2 values of the peripheral zone (PZ) and the central gland (CG) at the midgland of the prostate were compared before and after ejaculation, respectively.

Objection to postoperative radiation therapy in breast cancer with one to three lymph nodes involvements.

My arguments regarding postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) for this case are based on the following 4 reasons: (1) high rate of local recurrence in the no PMRT group in the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group meta-analysis on which the present guideline is based, (2) stage migration by sentinel node biopsy, (3) possible adverse events of radiotherapy, and (4) problems on extrapolation of data from western countries.

Anaplastic histology Wilms' tumors registered to the Japan Wilms' Tumor Study Group are less aggressive than that in the National Wilms' Tumor Study 5.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features and treatment results of anaplastic histology (AH) Wilms' tumor (WT) patients registered in the Japan Wilms' Tumor Study (JWiTS) group to elucidate the clinical characteristics of AH in the Japanese population.

Patients And Methods: Of 344 WT patients who were enrolled in JWiTS between 1995 and 2013, 17 had AH. Treatment using the JWiTS protocols was similar to the fifth National Wilms' Tumor Study 5 (NWTS-5) protocols.

A Nationwide Survey in Japan of Palliative Radiotherapy for Bleeding in Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumor Patients.

Background: In end-stage cancer, bleeding may markedly influence the patient's quality of life, and radiotherapy plays an important role in the control of the bleeding. In particular, there is no clear evidence of the benefit of palliative radiotherapy for cancers including gastric, rectal, and bladder cancers. A clarification of the current status of palliative radiotherapy for bleeding is needed.

Unexpected Radiologic Findings for a Casting Type of Radiolucent Colorectal Foreign Body Composed of Polyurethane Foam.

Radiologic diagnosis of colorectal foreign bodies is usually not very difficult, because inserted materials are often clearly visible on plain abdominal radiographs. However, when they are radiolucent, a plain abdominal radiograph has been reported to be useless. As radiolucent colorectal foreign bodies appear as radiolucent artificial contours or air-trapped materials in the pelvis, almost always the diagnosis itself can be made by careful evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs.