A Pathway to Positive Youth Development: Unpacking the Asian American Youth Paradox and Cultural Orientations among Filipino American and Korean American Youth.

This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth in the Chicago Metropolitan area ( = 786, = 15.00, = 1.91 at Wave 1 in 2014) to examine whether and how a set of organized predictors (i.

Correlates of Stigma Toward Mental Health Service Use Among Filipino Americans and Korean Americans.

Asian Americans are less likely than Whites to seek mental care and when they do, there is a substantial delay in help-seeking. Stigma associated with mental health service use is one of the major barriers to help-seeking among Asian Americans. However, few studies have examined multi-layered contextual predictors of stigma to examine joint as well as unique contributions of each predictor.

Parental socialization of mental health in Chinese American families: What parents say and do, and how youth make meaning.

Parental mental health socialization is a process by which parents shape how youth develop and maintain beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding mental health and help-seeking behaviors. Although culture shapes parental mental health socialization, few studies have examined specific parental socialization practices regarding mental health and help-seeking, especially as a culturally anchored process. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores youth-reported parental socialization of mental health within Chinese American families by examining focus group data from 69 Chinese American high school and college students.

Racial Stereotypes and Asian American Youth Paradox.

Asian Americans are simultaneously stereotyped as a perpetual foreigner and a model minority. This cross-sectional study of 308 Filipino American youth (mean age 18 years; 47% emerging adult; 72% U.S.

Racial discrimination and the moderating effects of racial and ethnic socialization on the mental health of Asian American youth.

This study investigates trajectories of racial discrimination, racial and ethnic socialization (RES), and their interaction effects with social positions (nativity and gender) on mental health. A longitudinal study of 786 Filipino American (FA) and Korean American (KA) youth from the Midwestern United States (M  = 15) confirmed that discrimination increased and significantly contributed to the upward trend of mental health distress, whereas the impact of RES differed by its type and by ethnicity. For example, promotion of mistrust and ethnic-heritage socialization were protective among U.

Cultural socialization in childhood: Analysis of parent-child conversations with a direct observation measure.

Cultural factors influence the development of all children. Yet, current knowledge of explicit cultural socialization processes in childhood remains limited, mainly by failing to incorporate the experiences of young children. To address this critical gap, the authors introduce the OMERS-Peds task, an observational measurement designed to systematically identify and compare the content of cultural messages passed down from caregivers to offspring during early school age years.

Guest editors' introduction to the special section: Cultural adaptation of mental health interventions for Americans of East Asian descent.

Overall, this special section makes a timely and significant contribution to providing various types of culturally specific interventions as well as the evidence of clinical trials. Although the sample size of each study is rather small, each intervention illustrates innovative methods in both reaching and treating underserved and understudied populations. Moreover, these interventions provide critical groundwork for building an evidence base of interventions tailored specifically to Asian Americans (AAs).

Explicating Acculturation Strategies among Asian American Youth: Subtypes and Correlates across Filipino and Korean Americans.

Acculturation strategy, a varying combination of heritage and mainstream cultural orientations and one of the significant determinants of youth development, has been understudied with Asian American youth and particularly at a subgroup-specific level. This study used person-oriented latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify acculturation strategy subtypes among Filipino American and Korean American adolescents living in the Midwest. Associations between the subtypes and numerous correlates including demographics, family process and youth outcomes were also examined.

Prenatal Life Events, Maternal Employment, and Postpartum Depression across a Diverse Population in New York City.

This study examined racial/ethnic disparities in three core postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms, and identified specific predictors of PPD including sociodemographic variables, life stressors and maternal employment. White, African American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander women from the New York City area (n = 3010) completed the 2009-2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. African American women were less likely to have PPD than White women.

Advances in EBI Development for Diverse Populations: Towards a Science of Intervention Adaptation.

This introduction examines major issues and challenges as presented in this special issue of Prevention Science, "Challenges to the Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence Based Prevention Interventions for Diverse Populations." We describe the Fidelity-Adaptation Dilemma that became the origin of dynamic tensions in prevention science. It generated controversies and debates and new perspectives on the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) within diverse populations.

Conceptualizing Culturally Infused Engagement and Its Measurement for Ethnic Minority and Immigrant Children and Families.

Despite the central role culture plays in racial and ethnic disparities in mental health among ethnic minority and immigrant children and families, existing measures of engagement in mental health services have failed to integrate culturally specific factors that shape these families' engagement with mental health services. To illustrate this gap, the authors systematically review 119 existing instruments that measure the multi-dimensional and developmental process of engagement for ethnic minority and immigrant children and families. The review is anchored in a new integrated conceptualization of engagement, the culturally infused engagement model.

U.S. Caregivers with Mental Health Problems: Parenting Experiences and Children's Functioning.

The 2007 National Survey of Children's Health was used to determine the prevalence of poor mental health among U.S. mothers, fathers, and guardians, specific parenting experiences and children's functioning.

Advancing Understanding of Acculturation for Adolescents of Asian Immigrants: Person-Oriented Analysis of Acculturation Strategy Among Korean American Youth.

Acculturation strategy, a significant predictor of immigrant adaptation, has been under-studied with Asian Americans, in particular, Asian American youth. Using person-oriented latent profile analysis, this study identified acculturation strategies among Korean American early adolescents living in the Midwest. Two-hundred ninety-one families were interviewed in 2007 that included 220 youth (mean age 13, 47.

Socialization of Culture and Coping with Discrimination Among American Indian Families: Examining Cultural Correlates of Youth Outcomes.

Objective: The current study examines the interrelations between observed parental cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination, and youth outcomes among a sample of 92 American Indian adolescents and their parents in a rural reservation.

Method: Path analysis is used to examine the relationships among observed parental socialization (cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination), and youth-reported perceived discrimination, ethnic identity and depression.

Results: Findings reveal that higher levels of observed parental cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination predict lower levels of depression as reported by youth 1 year later.

The Cultural Ecogram: A Tool for Enhancing Culturally Anchored Shared Understanding in the Treatment of Ethnic Minority Families.

Ethnic and racial disparities in mental health care continue to exist, highlighting the increasing concern within the realm of clinical practice as to how clinicians are to effectively integrate the central role of culture and context into the treatment delivery process for culturally diverse children and families. The current paper presents the Cultural Ecogram, - a clinical engagement tool designed to facilitate the development of a culturally anchored shared understanding - as one method that may facilitate clinician-client shared understanding on the client's cultural, ethnic and racial context central to the effective implementation of treatments with ethnic minority children and families.

The Culturally-Enhanced Videofeedback Engagement (CEVE) Framework: Qualitative findings in families of children with disruptive behavior problems.

While cultural competence has been promoted as a way to reduce mental health disparities among ethnic minority populations, there remains a gap between theory and practice. This study examined the use of the Culturally Enhanced Videofeedback Engagement (CEVE) intervention as a clinical tool to facilitate culturally anchored shared understanding to foster treatment engagement among ethnic minority families with children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) participating in a family clinic. In-depth qualitative analysis of individual interviews compared parents' experiences of the therapy process among 9 intervention families and 10 families participating in treatment as usual.

Psychocultural Correlates of Mental Health Service Utilization Among African American and European American Girls.

Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of cultural factors (ethnic identity, perceived discrimination), family relations, and child problem type on mental health service utilization in a community sample of 1,480 adolescent girls (860 African American, 620 European American) between ages 15 and 17 years enrolled in the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Results revealed ethnic identity, caregiver attachment, and conduct disorder were related to service use among African American girls. Among European American girls, correlate patterns differed by clinical need.

Race-Ethnicity and Culture in the Family and Youth Outcomes: Test of a Path Model with Korean American Youth and Parents.

This study examined the interplay of parental racial-ethnic socialization and youth multidimensional cultural orientations to investigate how they indirectly and directly influence youth depressive symptoms and antisocial behaviors. Using data from the Korean American Families (KAF) Project (220 youths, 272 mothers, and 164 fathers, = 656), this study tested the relationships concurrently, longitudinally, and accounting for earlier youth outcomes. The main findings include that racial-ethnic socialization is significantly associated with mainstream and ethnic cultural orientation among youth, which in turn influences depressive symptoms (but not antisocial behaviors).

Shared understanding as a gateway for treatment engagement: a preliminary study examining the effectiveness of the culturally enhanced video feedback engagement intervention.

Objective: For ethnic minority families, the bridging of clinician-client differences is essential to their engagement in treatment. The Culturally Enhanced Video Feedback Engagement (CEVE) intervention aims to enhance client engagement through fostering clinician-client shared cultural understanding. The present study tested the effectiveness of the CEVE on client-rated clinician cultural competence and therapeutic alliance.

Direct observation of family management: validity and reliability as a function of coder ethnicity and training.

This study examines the influence of coder ethnicity on the validity and reliability of direct observations of family management. Eight coders, 4 European American (EA) and 4 African American (AA), were randomly assigned to conduct behavior ratings of videotaped family interactions of European American and African American families, under two conditions: untrained and trained. Results indicated statistical differences between EA and AA coder ratings of family management practices across both untrained and trained conditions, suggesting the presence of ethnocentric perceptions of coders.

An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family-centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior.

This study used Complier Average Causal Effect analysis (CACE; see G. Imbens & D. Rubin, 1997) to examine the impact of an adaptive approach to family intervention in the public schools on rates of substance use and antisocial behavior among students ages 11-17.

The ethnic context of child and adolescent problem behavior: implications for child and family interventions.

This article links the empirical literature on race and ethnicity in developmental psychopathology with interventions designed to reduce adolescent problem behavior. We present a conceptual framework in which culture is endogenous to the socialization of youth and the development of specific self-regulatory strategies. The importance of cultural influence is identified at three levels: (a) intrapersonal developmental processes (e.

Implementing family-centered interventions within the public middle school: linking service delivery to change in student problem behavior.

The Adolescent Transitions Program is a family-centered intervention strategy designed to reduce problem behavior and prevent drug use within a public school environment. A parent consultant within a Family Resource Center (FRC) provided universal, selected, and indicated interventions that enhanced and supported positive parenting practices known to serve as protective factors. Implementation of the 3-year FRC model involved 584 students and their families in 4 middle schools.