A Comparison of Angiogenesis and Glycolytic Imaging in Patients With Clinical Suspected Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

F-FDG PET/CT imaging is an important diagnostic tool for accurate staging and assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC). However, F-FDG being non-specific marker, it also accumulates in inflammatory conditions, leading to false positive results. Angiogenesis, an essential characteristic for tumor development, intrusion and metastasis can be imaged using Ga-labeled RGD tripeptide.

Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach Leading to Recurrent Regurgitation and Muscular Hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Skeletal muscle uptake of F-FDG can result from a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. It is important for the physician to interpret these uptake patterns in the correct context to avoid a misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old man with progressive, repeated episodes of regurgitation who was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Ga-Glutathione radio-complex as a new diagnostic probe for targeting colon cancer in rats.

Objective: Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in a horde of cellular events that include cell proliferation and apoptosis.The present study describes the radio-synthesis and characterization of gallium-68 (Ga)-labelled glutathione for its application in radionuclide imaging of cancer.

Subject And Methods: The radio-synthesis of radio-complex Ga-GSH was performed by the direct labeling method.

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: Informed by a Systematic Review.

Importance: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) occurs primarily in older adults of white race/ethnicity on sun-exposed skin of the head and neck. There are no formal guiding principles based on expert review of the evidence to assist clinicians in providing the highest-quality care for patients.

Objective: To develop recommendations for the care of adults with MAC.

Post-cholecystectomy acute injury: What can go wrong?

Backgrounds/aims: Most of the emphasis of postcholecystectomy injuries is laid on iatrogenic bilary trauma. However, they can involve a wide spectrum of injuries.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 42 patients with postcholecystectomy injuries referred to us from July 2011 to December 2012.

Effect of Macro-Cyclic Bifunctional Chelators DOTA and NODAGA on Radiolabeling and Biodistribution of Ga-68 Cyclic RGD Dimer.

The advent of the Germanium-68 (Ge-68)/Gallium-68 (Ga-68) generator has contributed enormously to a plethora of molecular imaging approaches for identification of tumor characteristics. The present study compares the effect of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-gluteric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA) bifunctional chelators on radiolabeling of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) dimer, an antagonist of integrin αβ with Ga-68 and their biodistribution in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma and in patients with breast carcinoma. Radiolabeling parameters for DOTA-(RGD) and NODAGA-(RGD) with Ga-68 were optimized in-house.

68Ga-DOTA-Exendin PET-MRI Fusion Imaging in a Case of Insulinoma.

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults is most commonly caused by insulinomas, which pose a diagnostic challenge to physicians, surgeons, and radiologists and require multimodality imaging for precise localization and staging. PET tracers such as F-FDOPA and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs have been used for imaging insulinomas. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs have recently shown promising results in preoperative localization of these tumors, as all insulinomas express glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors.

Association of use of proton pump inhibitors and H antagonists with stomach wall uptake in Tc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background: Stomach wall uptake (SWU) of tracer in Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) occasionally leads to imaging artifacts, thereby lowering the diagnostic accuracy. It is less-studied phenomenon for possible link with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) intake. This prospective work looked for association of SWU with PPI intake and compared its incidence with H antagonists (HA) users and patients not on either gastroprotective medication.

Evaluation of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma: A new imaging tool in uncommon entity.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare endocrine tumor and uncommon cause for primary hyperparathyroidism. F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown promising results in the detection of parathyroid adenoma, though its role in PTC is undefined due to the paucity of incidence. The authors in this case report discuss the possible complimentary role of FCH PET/CT with F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the evaluation of the management of suspected recurrence, since this rare entity has high loco-regional and distant recurrence of the disease.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in childhood metastatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: Altering the management plan.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an uncommon vascular tumor, primarily seen in 20-40 years of age. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy with EHE and distant metastases identified on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT), leading to a change in the management plan. F-FDG PET/CT proved to be useful in identifying the rare sites of metastasis and planning further treatment.

Role of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in restaging and prognosis of recurrent melanoma after curative surgery.

Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor and surgical resection is the primary treatment. However, the chances of recurrence are quite high despite complete resection. The aim of study was to evaluate the F-fluorodeoxyglucose(F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in detection of recurrent melanoma after curative surgery and its prognostic value.

Rare Presentation of Metastatic Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Uterus Mimicking as Second Primary in Urinary Bladder on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

We present a case of endometrioid carcinoma metastasis in the bladder mimicking as the second primary of urinary bladder on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT). The presentations of bladder lesions on F-FDG PET/CT are varied, and rare presentations of common malignancies can pose a significant diagnostic challenge as in the index case and highlight the importance of histopathological examination to confirm any unusual FDG uptake confounding the diagnosis.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia - Current imaging modalities and a systematic approach for tumor localization.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are symptom complexes that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor. They can occur due to hormone production, autoimmunity or other biologically active products produced by the tumor, etc. Tumor induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which the manifestation is mainly musculoskeletal such as bone pain, fractures and muscle weakness as a consequence of elaboration of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by the tumor.

68Ga CXCR-4 PET/CT Imaging in an Atypical Case of Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Mimicking as Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Multiple-myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell proliferation disorder and the second most common blood malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The chemokine (CXCR-4) receptor analogues are the newer agents being postulated for myeloma imaging and have shown good diagnostic performance. We report a case of plasmacytoma with suspicious renal cell carcinoma, in whom Ga CXCR-4 PET/CT revealed tracer-avid lesion in the left perinephric region.

Influence of IL-1β, STAT3 & 5 and TLR-5 gene polymorphisms on rheumatic heart disease susceptibility in north Indian population.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most serious complication of heart that comprises inflammatory reactions in heart valves. Many studies have demonstrated the contribution of host genetic factors in susceptibility to RHD and many cytokine gene variants have been linked with susceptibility to RHD. We sought to determine the role of genetic variants in IL-1β, STAT3, STAT5B and TLR5 genes in conferring risk of RHD in two cohorts of RHD patients.

Dose-volume relationship for laryngeal substructures and aspiration in patients with locally advanced head-and-neck cancer.

Background: Literature has shown a significant relationship between radiation dose to the larynx and swallowing disorders. We prospectively studied the dose-volume relationship for larynx substructures and aspiration.

Methods: Forty nine patients with stage III/IV head-and-neck (H&N) squamous cell carcinoma were prospectively enrolled in this IRB-approved, federally funded study.

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in an Atypical Extraskeletal Paravertebral Hemangioma Mimicking as Neurogenic Tumor in a Known Case of Breast Cancer.

Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT is well documented in evaluation of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and in other lesions with somatostatin receptor expression such as pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, neuroblastoma, meningioma, and mesenchymal tumors causing oncogenic osteomalacia. Causes of interpretative pitfalls include prominent pancreatic uncinate process activity, inflammation, osteoblastic activity (degenerative bone disease/fracture/vertebral hemangioma), splenunculi/splenosis, and others. We present a case of extraskeletal paravertebral lesion detected in a known case of breast cancer with increased Ga-DOTANOC uptake later proved to be hemangioma.

Patterns of Failure and Survival Outcomes after Total Lymphoid Irradiation and High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: The patterns of failure and long-term outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (aSCT) are reported.

Methods And Materials: Patients with biopsy-proven primary refractory or relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma who received salvage chemotherapy and accelerated hyperfractionated TLI before high-dose chemotherapy and aSCT were included. Patterns of failure were delineated after fusing pretransplant planning computed tomography to the scan reporting the first failure.

18F-FDG PET/CT Demonstrates Renal Cell Cancer in a Transplant With Synchronous Intestinal Infection.

We present a case of a 22-year-old man with history of allogenic renal transplantation on immunosuppression, who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT to characterize a lesion in the transplanted kidney on ultrasonogram and contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging. PET/CT revealed FDG avid lesion in the transplanted kidney and mural thickening involving the distal ileum, ileocecal junction, and ileocolic lymph nodes. Subsequent histopathological examination from the renal lesion revealed renal cell carcinoma in the transplanted kidney.

Endoscopic Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Long-term Follow-up.

Objective: To report our experience with endoscopic management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by injection of a tissue bulking substance - Dextranomer/ hyaluronic acid co-polymer at vesicoureteric junction.

Design: Retrospective analyses of case records.

Setting: Pediatric Surgery department in a tertiary care government Institute.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa: Role of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Detection and Biopsy of Pulmonary Metastases and Assessment of Treatment Response.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the buccal mucosa has an increased propensity for recurrence and distant metastases. Due to the poor prognosis at late detection of distant metastases, it is advisable to keep a close follow-up. In the present case, F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography proved invaluable in the comprehensive workup of the patient, including detection of local recurrence, distant metastases, and in assessing treatment response.

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in facilitating early hepatic clearance of radiotracer among patients undergoing Tc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: A randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel trial.

Background: Infra-cardiac tracer activity due to persistent hepatic activity interferes in inferior and infero-septal wall assessment during Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease. It affects image interpretation with increased study duration. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known to enhance hepatic excretion of bilirubin and bile salts, though its role in enhancing the hepatic tracer clearance in facilitating cardiac imaging is not known.